ganglia

AP-18 是选择性的 TRPA1 抑制剂。AP-18 可以抑制 50 μM 肉桂醛诱导的 TRPA1 激活，在小鼠和人中的 IC50 分别为 4.5 μM 和 3.1 μM。AP-18 可以逆转 CFA 诱导的小鼠机械性痛觉过敏。AP-18 可以浓度依赖的方式减弱 30 μM AITC 诱导的 Yo-Pro 摄取(IC50= 10.3 μM)。

Acetylcholine bromide 是乙酰胆碱的溴化物盐。它是一种神经递质，存在于神经肌肉接头、自主神经节、副交感神经效应器接头、交感神经效应器接头的一个子集以及中枢神经系统的许多部位。

Acetylcholine iodide (Acetylcolina) 是一种在中枢和外周神经系统中常见的神经递质。

Fluphenazine Decanoate Dihydrochloride is an antipsychotic agent, it could block postsynaptic dopamine D2 receptors in the limbic, cortical system and basal ganglia.

Flufenazine is an antipsychotic drug. It is used to treat chronic mental illnesses such as schizophrenia. Flufenazine works by blocking postsynaptic dopamine D2 receptors in the limbic system, cortical system, and basal ganglia. This prevents the effects

Hexamethonium Bromide (Hexamethonium Dibromide) 是神经节中神经元型烟碱型 AChR 的特异性拮抗剂。在自发性高血压动物模型中，它能降低其交感神经活动和血压。

LY-266097作为一种选择性5-HT2BR拮抗剂，有效降低了触觉过敏，显示了其在缓解神经损伤引起的疼痛中潜在的治疗效果。此外，LY-266097还可以减轻神经损伤后背根神经节和脊髓中5-HT2B受体的上调。研究表明，LY-266097在神经病性疼痛途径的发展中具有潜在作用。

McN-A 343作为选择性M1 muscarinic激动剂, 以其刺激交感神经节中muscarinic传导的能力而闻名。在溃疡性结肠炎的实验模型中，它已被发现能有效减轻炎症和氧化应激。

WWamide-1 is a neuromodulatory peptide isolated from the ganglia of Afrian giant snail, Achatina fulica.

WWamide-2 is used as a neuromodulatory peptide isolated from the ganglia of African giant snail, Achatina fulica.

WWamide-3 is a neuromodulatory peptide isolated from the ganglia of African giant snail, Achatina fulica.

AL-1 is a GLYCOINOSITOL PHOSPHOLIPID MEMBRANE ANCHOR containing ephrin found in developing tectum. It can mediate the bundling of cortical axons and repel the axonal growth of retinal ganglia axons. It exists in a variety of adult tissues of BRAIN; HEART;

Amifostine sodium is a phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.

Globotriaosycleramides are glycosphingolipids found in mammalian cell membranes that are synthesized from lactosylceramides . They act as receptors for Shiga and Shiga-like toxins in vitro and in vivo. Globotriaosylceramides accumulate in endothelial cells, pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, renal epithelial cells, dorsal ganglia neuronal cells, and myocardial cells in patients with Fabry disease, a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by a deficiency in the enzyme α-galactosidase A. Globotriaosylceramides act as natural resistance factors to HIV infection, interacting with HIV gp120 to prevent its interaction with chemokine co-receptors and subsequent fusion of HIV to host cell membranes. This product contains a mixture of hydroxy fatty acid-containing globotriaosylceramides isolated from porcine red blood cells (RBCs).

Globotriaosycleramides are glycosphingolipids found in mammalian cell membranes that are synthesized from lactosylceramides . They act as receptors for Shiga and Shiga-like toxins in vitro and in vivo. Globotriaosylceramides accumulate in endothelial cells, pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, renal epithelial cells, dorsal ganglia neuronal cells, and myocardial cells in patients with Fabry disease, a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by a deficiency in the enzyme α-galactosidase A. Globotriaosylceramides act as natural resistance factors to HIV infection, interacting with HIV gp120 to prevent its interaction with chemokine co-receptors and subsequent fusion of HIV to host cell membranes. This product contains a mixture of hydroxy and non-hydroxy fatty acid-containing globotriaosylceramides isolated from porcine red blood cells (RBCs).

C16 globotriaosylceramide is an endogenous sphingolipid found in mammalian cell membranes that is synthesized from C16 lactosylceramide . C16 globotriaosylceramide acts as a receptor for Shiga toxin in B cell-derived Raji cells and THP-1 monocytes. It accumulates in endothelial cells, pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, renal epithelial cells, dorsal ganglia neuronal cells, and myocardial cells in patients with Fabry disease. C16 globotriaosylceramide is also upregulated in plasma of patients with ovarian carcinoma compared to those with benign ovarian tumors or uterine fibroids.

C18 globotriaosylceramide is an endogenous sphingolipid found in mammalian cell membranes that is synthesized from lactosylceramide . It inhibits aggregation of human neutrophils induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; 10008014) when used at a concentration of 1 μM. C18 globotriaosylceramide acts as a receptor for Shiga toxin in B cell-derived Raji cells and THP-1 monocytes. It accumulates in the brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, and spleen in a mouse model of Fabry disease, a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by a deficiency in the enzyme α-galactosidase A. C18 globotriaosylceramide also accumulates in endothelial cells, pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, renal epithelial cells, dorsal ganglia neuronal cells, and myocardial cells in patients with Fabry disease.

N-Methylcytisine (Caulophylline) 是苦参中的一种三环喹啉类生物碱，具有降血糖、缓解疼痛和抗炎活性。它是中枢神经系统中乙酰胆碱烟碱受体的选择性配体，对鱿鱼视神经节中的烟碱乙酰胆碱受体具有很高的亲和力，Kd 为 50 nM。

Trimetaphan camsilate is a drug that counteracts cholinergic transmission at the ganglion type of nicotinic receptors of the autonomic ganglia and therefore blocks both the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system. It acts as a non-depolarizing competitive antagonist at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, is short-acting, and is given intravenously.

Hexamethonium chloride is a preferential nicotinic receptor blocker at the level of autonomic ganglia. It has been shown to cross the blood-brain barrier only in high doses.

Oxybutynin R-isomer , also known as Aroxybutynin, is a muscarinic receptor antagonist. Aroxybutynin is the optically avtice inhibitor of proliferation and supresses gene expression in bladder smooth muscle cells. Oxybutynin exerts direct antispasmodic effect on smooth muscle and inhibits the muscarinic action of acetylcholine on smooth muscle. It exhibits one-fifth of the anticholinergic activity of atropine on the rabbit detrusor muscle, but four to ten times the antispasmodic activity. No blocking effects occur at skeletal neuromuscular junctions or autonomic ganglia (antinicotinic effects).

TRPV1-Tat是一种针对瞬时受体电位范烤苷1 (TRPV1) 的肽类拮抗剂。它由来自TRPV1的A-激酶锚蛋白(AKAP)结合域的736-745个氨基酸以及来自HIV Tat的细胞穿透肽序列组成。TRPV1-Tat (200 µM) 能够在使用初级小鼠背根神经节的整细胞膜片钳技术中抑制由热或棕榈酸酯12-肉豆蔻酸13-醋酸酯(PMA014)引起的电流。当以10或30 µM剂量给药时，它能增加大鼠后爪机械痛阈。

Tat-CBD3A6K是一种肽类化合物，为N型电压门控钙通道Cav2.2以及collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) 蛋白-蛋白相互作用抑制剂Tat-CBD3的衍生物。Tat-CBD3A6K (10 mg/kg) 能够阻止由d4T (stavudine)引发的大鼠抗逆转录病毒神经病痛模型中爪撤回阈值的下降，并减少同一大鼠分离的背根神经节(DRG)神经元的动作电位数量。通过硬膜途径给予Tat-CBD3A6K (30 µM/animal) 能够减少由萜类生物碱辣椒素引发的大鼠硬脑膜血流增加。