GHK-Cu acetate, a complex of the tripeptide Gly-His-Lys and a copper(II) ion, exhibits wound healing and anti-inflammatory properties. It enhances fibroblast proliferation, collagen production, and the release of pro-matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), while also increasing decorin expression in rat wound tissue. Furthermore, at a concentration of 10 µM, it reduces levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, GHK-Cu at 10 µg g mitigates LPS-induced reductions in lung superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) levels, decreases the accumulation of cells and total proteinin bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and thus, attenuates acute lung injury in mice.
Shizukaol B exerts anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-activated microglia partly by modulating JNK-AP-1 signaling pathway; it also shows significant anti-neuroinflammatory effects by inhibiting nitric-oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimul