pyrrolidinone

Ceftobiprole medocaril (BAL5788) 是 Ceftobiprole 的前药。Ceftobiprole 是一种广谱的头孢菌素，对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌具有活性。

Ceftobiprole (Ro 63-9141) 是一种β-内酰胺类抗菌剂，通过与 PBP 结合，抑制细菌细胞壁的转肽化和形成，导致细胞裂解和死亡，从而显示出有效的杀菌活性，对甲氧西林耐受的金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC90值为 2 μg mL。

5-Hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinone是一种天然产物，属于马钱科醉鱼草属，其产品编号为 TN3117，CAS号为 62312-55-4。5-Hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinone可用作对照参考。

N-Methylpyrrolidone (1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone) 是一种有机极性溶剂，是一种五元环酰胺，普遍用于粘合剂，油漆，燃料和药品的生产。

Felipyrine为一种1-芳基-2-吡咯烷酮衍生物，具有抗炎作用。

Raltegravir (MK-0518) 是一种HIV 整合酶抑制剂。

The prostaglandin E receptor 4 (EP4) is one of four G protein-coupled receptors that mediate the actions of prostaglandin E2 . Binding of PGE2 to the EP4 receptor causes an increase in intracellular cyclic AMP, which plays important roles in bone formation and resorption, cancer, and atherosclerosis. KMN-80 is a substituted γ-lactam (pyrrolidinone) derivative of PGE1 that acts as a selective and potent agonist of EP4 with an IC50 value of 3 nM (IC50 = 1.4 μM for EP3 and > 10 μM for all other prostanoid receptors). In functional assays it has been shown to stimulate secreted alkaline phosphatase gene reporter activity in EP4-transfected HEK293 cells with an EC50 value of 0.19 nM, demonstrating >5,000 and 50,000-fold selectivity against EP2 and TP, respectively. KMN-80 can induce the differentiation of bone marrow stem cells from both young and aged rats into osteoblasts in vitro (EC50s = 20 and 153 nM, respectively) and exhibits favorable tolerability up to at least 10 μM, whereas the EP4 agonist L-902,688 is highly cytotoxic at similar concentrations in these cells. KMN-80 has been used to repair calvarial defects in an in vivo rat craniomaxillofacial reconstruction model (rate of reduction in defect size equivalent to BMP-2 treated rats) and to promote bone formation in a rat incisor tooth socket model.

(R)-(+)-Blebbistatin O-Benzoate is a derivative of Blebbistatin. (R)-(+)-Blebbistatin is a 1-phenyl-2-pyrrolidinone derivative and a selective inhibitor of non-muscle myosin II. It blocks cell blebbing rapidly and reversibly and also disrupts directed cell migration and cytokinesis in vertebrate cell. (R)-(+)-Blebbistatin can also inhibit contraction of the cleavage furrow without disrupting mitosis or contractile ring assembly. (R)-(+)-Blebbistatin is suitable as a negative control for (S)-(-)-Blebblastatin.

Ceftobiprole medocaril (BAL5788) sodium 是 Ceftobiprole 的胃肠外前药。Ceftobiprole 是一种非肠道吡咯烷酮头孢菌素。Ceftobiprole 是一种广谱头孢菌素，对甲氧西林 (MRSA) 和耐万古霉素葡萄球菌 (VRSA) 和耐青霉素链球菌具有高水平的体外活性。Ceftobiprole 也抑制革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性病原体。