preconditioning

Atpenin A5 是高度特异性的complex II 抑制剂，IC50为 ~10 nM。Dolastatin 10也是有效的mKATP 通道激动剂，具有心脏保活的作用。

Amp579 TFA 是一种新型 腺苷 A1 A2a 受体激动剂 ，诱导针对体内心肌休克的急性和延迟预处理。

Busulfan 是一种二甲烷磺酸酯类烷化抗肿瘤药，具有细胞毒性和免疫抑制作用。其主要通过在体内形成碳正离子，诱导DNA与DNA或蛋白质交联，造成DNA损伤，抑制DNA复制和RNA转录，同时可抑制硫氧还蛋白还原酶，诱导细胞凋亡。Busulfan 常用于骨髓移植前的清髓预处理，也可用于构建贫血模型。

Deltorphin II is a peptide agonist of δ2-opioid receptors.1,2It is selective for δ-opioid receptors over μ- and κ-opioid receptors in radioligand bindings assays (Kis = 0.0033, >1, and >1 μM, respectively) and induces [35S]GTPγS binding in mouse brain membrane preparations (EC50= 0.034 μM). Deltorphin II (0.12 mg kg) decreases the infarction zone:risk zone ratio in a rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by coronary occlusion, an effect that can be reversed by the δ2-opioid receptor antagonist naltriben but not the δ1-opioid receptor antagonist BNTX.3Intrathecal administration of deltorphin II (15 μg animal) increases latency to withdraw in the paw pressure and tail-flick tests in rats.4 1.Raynor, K., Kong, H., Chen, Y., et al.Pharmacological characterization of the cloned κ-, δ-, and μ-opioid receptorsMol. Pharm.45(2)330-334(1994) 2.Scherrer, G., Befort, K., Contet, C., et al.The delta agonists DPDPE and deltorphin II recruit predominantly mu receptors to produce thermal analgesia: A parallel study of mu, delta and combinatorial opioid receptor knockout miceEur. J. Neurosci.19(8)2239-2248(2004) 3.Maslov, L.N., Barzakh, E.I., Krylatov, A.V., et al.Opioid peptide deltorphin II simulates the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning: role of δ2-opioid receptors, protein kinase C, and KATP channelsBull. Exp. Biol. Med.149(5)591-593(2010) 4.Labuz, D., Toth, G., Machelska, H., et al.Antinociceptive effects of isoleucine derivatives of deltorphin I and deltorphin II in rat spinal cord: A search for selectivity of delta receptor subtypesNeuropeptides32(6)511-517(1998)