p450s

Piperonylic acid (2H-1,3-benzodioxole-5-carboxylic acid) 是一种具有亚甲二氧基活性的天然分子，与反式肉桂酸结构相似，可作为选择性反式肉桂酸 4-羟化酶的灭活剂。

DY131 (DY-131) 是选择性的 ERRγ 和 ERRβ 激动剂，对 ERRα，ERα 和 ERβ 无效。它对Smo 的信号传导具有抑制作用。

7ETMC is a selective Human Cytochrome P450s 1A1 and 1A2 inhibitor. 7ETMC showed IC50s of 0.46 μM and 0.50 μM for P450s 1A1 and 1A2 in the first six minutes, respectively, and did not show any inhibition activity for P450s 2A6 and 2B1 even at the dose of 5

N-Desbutyl dronedarone is an active metabolite of the antiarrhythmic agent dronedarone .1,2,3It is formed from dronedarone by cytochrome P450s (CYPs) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) in human hepatocyte preparations.4N-Desbutyl dronedarone inhibits the binding of 3,3’,5-triiodo-L-thyronine to the thyroid hormone receptors TRα1and TRβ1(IC50s = 59 and 280 μM for the chicken and human receptors, respectively).1It inhibits CYP2J2-mediated formation of 14,15-EET from arachidonic acid and soluble epoxide hydrolase-mediated formation of 14,15-DHET from 14,15-EET (IC50s = 1.59 and 2.73 μM, respectively, in cell-free assays).2N-Desbutyl dronedarone decreases intracellular ATP levels in H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes (IC50= 1.07 μM) and inhibits mitochondrial complex I, also known as NADH dehydrogenase, and mitochondrial complex II, also known as succinate dehydrogenase, activities in isolated rat heart mitochondria (IC50s = 11.94 and 24.54 μM, respectively).3 1.Van Beeren, H.C., Jong, W.M.C., Kaptein, E., et al.Dronerarone acts as a selective inhibitor of 3,5,3’-triiodothyronine binding to thyroid hormone receptor-α1: in vitro and in vivo evidenceEndocrinology144(2)552-558(2003) 2.Karkhanis, A., Tram, N.D.T., and Chan, E.C.Y.Effects of dronedarone, amiodarone and their active metabolites on sequential metabolism of arachidonic acid to epoxyeicosatrienoic and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acidsBiochem. Pharmacol.146188-198(2017) 3.Karkhanis, A., Leow, J.W.H., Hagen, T., et al.Dronedarone-induced cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction and its mitigation by epoxyeicosatrienoic acidsToxicol. Sci.163(1)79-91(2018) 4.Klieber, S., Arabeyre-Fabre, C., Moliner, P., et al.Identification of metabolic pathways and enzyme systems involved in the in vitro human hepatic metabolism of dronedarone, a potent new oral antiarrhythmic drugPharmacol. Res. Perspec.2(3)e00044(2014)

Cipepofolglucuronide (Ciprofol Glucuronide) (M4) 是 Ciprofol 的一种葡萄糖醛酸苷代谢物。该化合物对 P450s 和 UDP-葡萄糖醛酸转移酶 (UGT) 无显著抑制作用，作为药物间相互作用 (DDIs) 肇事者的风险低。西泊福葡萄糖醛酸苷适用于麻醉研究。