aerobic glycolysis

(S)-Malic acid ((S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid) 是天然存在的二羧酸，是水果酸甜味的来源，常用作食品添加剂。

Lactic acid (2-hydroxypropanoic acid) 是糖酵解终产物，是一种羟基羧酸受体 1 (HCAR1) 激活剂 (EC50=4.2-5 mM)。Lactic acid 可作为危重病人的血流动力学指标并具有抗肿瘤活性。

ZMF-23 是一种针对PAK1和HDAC6的双重抑制剂，能够抑制这两种酶控制的有氧糖酵解过程和细胞迁移。它促使TNF-α 介导的坏死性凋亡（necroptosis），并增强细胞凋亡（apoptosis）。ZMF-23 还可作为研究三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）的工具，因其能够抑制Warburg效应及细胞迁移。

Palmitoleic acid, an ω-7 monounsaturated fatty acid found in macadamia and sea buckthorn oils, enhances both basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, as well as Glut4 protein levels in 3T3-L1 adipocytes at a 200 µM concentration. Ex vivo, at a dosage of 300 mg kg per day, it significantly increases glucose uptake and both aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis, while decreasing de novo fatty acid synthesis and the activity of lipogenic enzymes, specifically ATP citrate lyase (ACL) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), in isolated murine adipocytes. Furthermore, the dietary administration of palmitoleic acid at 300 mg kg mitigates high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance and liver inflammation in mice.

(S)-Malic acid (Standard) 是 (S)-Malic acid 的标准品，适用于定量分析、质量控制及生化实验等相关研究。(S)-Malic acid ((S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid) 是天然存在的二羧酸，是水果酸甜味的来源，常用作食品添加剂。