β-defensin-3

β-Defensin-3 (human) trifluoroacetate salt (hBD-3)是一种人体先天免疫核心抗菌肽，具有广谱杀菌、免疫调节、组织修复等活性。可用于皮肤病、癌症治疗及抗药性细菌感染研究。

Human β-defensin-3 (HβD-3) is an antibiotic antimicrobial peptide synthesized by epithelial cells. It exhibits potent antimicrobial properties and mitigates inflammatory cytokine responses. HβD-3 efficiently targets various microorganisms, displaying IC90 values ranging from 6 to 25 μg/ml.

β-Defensin-1 is a peptide with antimicrobial properties that protects the skin and mucosal membranes of the respiratory, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal tracts.1It inhibits the growth ofB. adolescentis,L. acidophilus,B. breve,B. vulgatus,L. fermentum,B. longum, andS. thermophilusin an antimicrobial radial diffusion assay.2β-Defensin-1 also inhibits the growth of periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria, includingP. gingivalisandS. salivarius, and of susceptibleM. tuberculosisH37Rv but not of resistantM. tuberculosisRM22 when used at a concentration of 128 μg/ml.3,4It blocks human and mouse Kv1.3 voltage-gated potassium channels (IC50s = 11.8 and 13.2 μM, respectively).5Overexpression of β-defensin-1 in the human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines HSC-3, UM-1, and SCC-9 increases migration and invasion but not proliferation.6 1.Lehrer, R.I.Primate defensinsNat. Rev. Microbiol.2(9)727-738(2004) 2.Schroeder, B.O., Ehmann, D., Precht, J.C., et al.Paneth cell α-defensin 6 (HD-6) is an antimicrobial peptideMucosal Immunol.8(3)661-671(2015) 3.Ouhara, K., Komatsuzawa, H., Yamada, S., et al.Susceptibilities of periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria to antibacterial peptides, β-defensins and LL37, produced by human epithelial cellsJ. Antimicrob. Chemother.55(6)888-896(2005) 4.Fattorini, L., Gennaro, R., Zanetti, M., et al.In vitro activity of protegrin-1 and beta-defensin-1, alone and in combination with isoniazid, against Mycobacterium tuberculosisPeptides25(7)1075-1077(2004) 5.Feng, J., Xie, Z., Yang, W., et al.Human beta-defensin 1, a new animal toxin-like blocker of potassium channelToxicon113(2016) 6.Han, Q., Wang, R., Sun, C., et al.Human beta-defensin-1 suppresses tumor migration and invasion and is an independent predictor for survival of oral squamous cell carcinoma patientsPLoS One9(3)e91867(2014)

β-Defensin-2 is a peptide with antimicrobial properties that protects the skin and mucosal membranes of the respiratory, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal tracts.1It inhibits the growth of periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria, includingP. gingivalisandS. salivarius.2β-Defensin-2 (30 μg/ml) stimulates gene expression and production of IL-6, IL-10, CXCL10, CCL2, MIP-3α, and RANTES by keratinocytes.3It also stimulates calcium mobilization, migration, and proliferation of keratinocytes when used at concentrations of 30, 10, and 40 μg/ml, respectively. β-Defensin-2 induces IL-31 production by human peripheral blood-derived mast cellsin vitrowhen used at a concentration of 10 μg/ml and by rat mast cellsin vivofollowing a 500 ng intradermal dose.4Expression of β-defensin-2 is increased in psoriatic skin and chronic wounds.5,6 1.Lehrer, R.I.Primate defensinsNat. Rev. Microbiol.2(9)727-738(2004) 2.Ouhara, K., Komatsuzawa, H., Yamada, S., et al.Susceptibilities of periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria to antibacterial peptides, β-defensins and LL37, produced by human epithelial cellsJ. Antimicrob. Chemother.55(6)888-896(2005) 3.Niyonsaba, F., Ushio, H., Nakano, N., et al.Antimicrobial peptides human β-defensins stimulate epidermal keratinocyte migration, proliferation and production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokinesJ. Invest. Dermatol.127(3)594-604(2007) 4.Niyonsaba, F., Ushio, H., Hara, M., et al.Antimicrobial peptides human β-defensins and cathelicidin LL-37 induce the secretion of a pruritogenic cytokine IL-31 by human mast cellsJ. Immunol.184(7)3526-3534(2010) 5.Huh, W.-K., Oono, T., Shirafuji, Y., et al.Dynamic alteration of human β-defensin 2 localization from cytoplasm to intercellular space in psoriatic skinJ. Mol. Med. (Berl.)80(10)678-684(2002) 6.Butmarc, J., Yufit, T., Carson, P., et al.Human β-defensin-2 expression is increased in chronic woundsWound Repair Regen.12(4)439-443(2004)

CHRG01为源自人b-防御素3(hBD3)第54至67个C末端氨基酸，并将所有Cys残基替换为Ser以移除所有二硫键的生物活性肽。与hBD3类似，CHRG01展现出静电依赖性的抗菌性质。

SAP15（Synthetic anti-inflammatory peptide 15），一种由15个氨基酸组成的合成抗炎肽，源自于人类β-防御素3设计。该肽具备穿透细胞的能力，能诱导细胞内炎症反应的下调。它通过抑制HDAC5的磷酸化来减少NF-κBp65的磷酸化，从而抑制炎症反应。在LPS诱导的巨噬细胞中，SAP15能有效抑制HDAC5和NF-κBp65的磷酸化。此外，SAP15处理能促进LPS诱导的软骨细胞中aggrecan与II型胶原的表达，并降低骨钙素的表达。SAP15适用于用于研究生物材料中的炎症调节和抗炎治疗。

SAP15 (Synthetic anti-inflammatory peptide 15) acetate 是一种由15个氨基酸组成的人类 β-防御素3的合成抗炎肽。该化合物具备细胞穿透力，并能下调细胞内炎症反应。其通过抑制HDAC5的磷酸化，减少NF-κBp65的活化，从而抑制炎症。SAP15 acetate 能有效抑制LPS诱导的巨噬细胞中HDAC5和NF-κBp65的磷酸化。另外，在软骨细胞研究中，SAP15 acetate 处理表明其可增加LPS诱导的aggrecan和II型胶原的表达，同时减少骨钙素的表达。SAP15 acetate 可广泛用于生物材料中调节和研究抗炎机制。