Oleanonic acid (3-Ketooleanolic Acid) is relatively non-toxic, hepatoprotective, and exhibits antitumor and andantiviral properties.

Macrophages:57.4 mM(EC50), Monocyte:24.6 mM (EC50), PBMC cells:22.7 mM (EC50)

Cerebral cortices from male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-300 g) are homogenized in 9 volumes of ice-cold 0.32mol/Lsucrose by nine strokes with a Teflon/glass homogenizer at 500 rpm. The homogenate is centrifuged for 10 min at 1×103 g, and the supernatant is recentrifuged at 1×104 g for 20 min at 4°C. The pellet is suspended in assay buffer (118 mM NaCl/4.7 mM KCl/1.2 mM MgSO4/5 mM NaHCO3/20 mM Hepes/1.2 mM KH2PO4/2.5 mM CaCl2/11 mM glucose, pH 7.4) and incubated at 23°C for 20 min prior to final centrifugation at 1×103 g for 20 min at 4°C. The pellet is resuspended in assay buffer (70 mL per gram of original tissue). Binding of [3H]MK-801 is measured by incubating 750 μL duplicate aliquots of this crude membrane suspension (=0.75 mg of protein) with 100 μL of buffer containing displacer or of buffer alone (total binding), 100 μL of 50 nM [3H]MK-801, and 50 μL of buffer for 60 min at 23°C. Nonspecific binding is defined by 100 μM (final concentration) unlabeled MK-801.