CAII-IN-11 (Compound A1) is a dual-targeted compound that includes an hCA II inhibitor segment (IC₅₀= 2 nM) and a NO donor component. It also shows inhibitory activity against hCA IX, hCA XII, and hCA I, with IC₅₀ values of 6, 3, and 152 nM, respectively. CAII-IN-11 significantly elevates cGMP levels in human trabecular meshwork cells. Furthermore, it reduces apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells by decreasing oxidative stress (ROS levels), inhibiting astrocytes, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In a rabbit model, CAII-IN-11 demonstrates intraocular pressure-lowering activity, making it a potential candidate for glaucoma research.

CA II (human):2 nM