CC-1088 is an analog of thalidomide with potential antineoplastic activity that belongs to the functional class of agents called selective cytokine inhibitory drugs (SelCIDs). SelCIDs inhibit phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE 4), an enzyme involved in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) production. CC-1088 inhibits production of the cytokines vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (a pro-angiogenic factor) and interleukin-6 (IL-6).
GHK-Cu acetate, a complex of the tripeptide Gly-His-Lys and a copper(II) ion, exhibits wound healing and anti-inflammatory properties. It enhances fibroblast proliferation, collagen production, and the release of pro-matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), while also increasing decorin expression in rat wound tissue. Furthermore, at a concentration of 10 µM, it reduces levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, GHK-Cu at 10 µg g mitigates LPS-induced reductions in lung superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) levels, decreases the accumulation of cells and total proteinin bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and thus, attenuates acute lung injury in mice.