sphingosine

Sphingosines are long-chain base precursors of cellular sphingolipids used directly in the synthesis of ceramide, which in combination with sialic acid forms ganglioside. Sphingosine can exist in four stereoisomers, however only sphingosine occurs naturally. Compared to other sphingolipids throughout the body, which are predominantly composed of C-18 sphingosine, only central nervous system (CNS) gangliosides contain significant amounts of sphingosine. The concentration of sphingosine within mammalian brain gangliosides apparently increases with developmental maturation. Furthermore, the ratio of C-18 to C-20 sphingosine in the brain is thought to be related to some nervous system degeneration processes.

Sphingosine (d14:1) is a bioactive sphingolipid that has been found in B. mori (silkworm), P. clarkii (crayfish), and A. aurita (jellyfish) extracts. It increases the germination rate of N. rileyi, an entomopathogenic fungus, with an EC50 value of 10.2 nM. Sphingosine (d14:1) inhibits protein kinase C (PKC) in vitro (IC50 = 7.3 mol%) as well as superoxide generation induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in neutrophils and reduces growth of CHO cells (IC50s = 19 and 8 μM, respectively).

N-Desmethyltamoxifen hydrochloride 是 Tamoxifen 在人体内主要的三苯氧胺代谢物。它是蛋白激酶 C 抑制剂，也是人体 AML 细胞神经酰胺代谢的有效调节因子，可限制神经酰胺糖基化、水解和鞘氨醇磷酸化。

K145 hydrochloride 是选择性的，底物竞争性的和口服有效的SphK2抑制剂，IC50为 4.3 µM，Ki 为 6.4 µM。它可诱导细胞凋亡，显示出强大的抗肿瘤活性。

SKI V 是一种非竞争性非脂质鞘氨醇激酶抑制剂，对 GST-hSK 的IC50为 2 μM。 它减少有丝分裂的第二信使鞘氨醇-1-磷酸的形成，可诱导细胞凋亡并具有抗肿瘤活性。它还抑制PI3K，对 hPI3k 的IC50为 6 μM。

ARN14974 是一种有效的全身活性的胞内酸性神经酰胺酶抑制剂 (IC50=79 nM)，是一种苯并恶唑酮甲酰胺化合物。

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) 是 S1P1-5 受体 (S1P1-5 receptors) 的激动剂和 GPR3、GPR6、GPR12 的配体。Sphingosine-1-phosphate 是细胞内的第二信使，动员 Ca2+ 作为 G 蛋白偶联受体的细胞外配体。Sphingosine-1-phosphate 是由鞘磷脂或其他膜磷脂生成的重要脂质介质。

L-erythro-Sphingosine 是鞘氨醇的一种 L 型异构体。

Sphingosine phosphorylcholine is a wound healing agent.

D-erythro-Sphingosine (Erythrosphingosine) hydrochloride 是一种特异性 TRPM3活化剂。D-erythro-Sphingosine 还诱导视网膜母细胞瘤蛋白 (retinoblastoma protein) 去磷酸化。

Sphingosine (d17:1) (C17 Sphingosine)是一种存在于人类皮肤中的17碳鞘脂，可被鞘氨醇激酶的磷酸化。Sphingosine C-17作为内标可用于进行鞘脂类化合物的光谱分析。

Sphingosine (d18:1), an amino alcohol, is chiefly recognized for its 18-carbon unsaturated hydrocarbon chain. Nevertheless, in mammalian tissues, both sphingosine and its variant, dihydrosphingosine, feature hydrocarbon chains ranging from 12 to 26 carbons. Sphingosine (d15:1) represents a naturally rare variant, serving as an internal standard for chromatographic or spectrometric analyses of sphingoid compounds.

Sphingosine (d16:1), an unconventional sphingolipid, is synthesized through enzymatic reactions starting with the condensation of myristoyl-CoA and serine by serine palmitoyltransferase long-chain base subunit 3 (SPTLC3), which shows a preference for myristoyl-CoA. This compound is found in minute quantities in its free form in human plasma and as a component of various plasma sphingolipids, such as sphingosine-1-phosphate, ceramides, sphingomyelins, and in brain cerebrosides, albeit at lower concentrations than the more common d18:1 sphingoid base. Sphingosine (d16:1) acts as an inhibitor of PKC in mixed micelle assays and diminishes superoxide production triggered by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in isolated human neutrophils, as well as inhibiting the growth of CHO cells with IC50 values of 1 and 3.2 µM, respectively. Additionally, the concentration of sphingolipids containing sphingosine (d16:1) in the plasma is linked to the dietary consumption of saturated fatty acids and protein among ethnic Chinese populations.

N,N-dihexyl Sphingosine (d18:1 6:0 6:0) 是一种脂质分子，可用于生命科学相关研究，其 CAS 号为 2377379-53-6。

Photoclick sphingosine (Pacsph) 是一种具有光敏性和点击功能的鞘氨醇衍生物.在细胞中,此化合物能够整合进入内源性脂类代谢通道,并通过其可点击的炔烃基团实现可视化跟踪.Photoclick sphingosine 对于研究细胞内的鞘脂代谢过程及亚细胞定位至关重要.

N-Tetracosanoyl-D-sphingosine 1-benzoate是一种高纯度生化试剂，适合作为生物材料或有机合成中间体，广泛应用于生命科学领域的研究与实验。

D-erythro-Sphingosine (trans-4-Sphingenine) 是一种非常有效的p32激酶活化剂，EC50为 8 μM。它也是一种PP2A 激活剂，抑制蛋白激酶 C (PKC)。

L-threo-Sphingosine C-18 is a protein kinase C inhibitor.

C16 Sphingosine-1-phosphate (C16 S1P) is a derivative of sphingosine-1-phosphate that binds to S1P1/EDG-1, S1P3/EDG-3, and S1P2/EDG-5 receptors with affinities of 115%, 83%, and 103%, respectively, relative to S1P in CHO cells. C16 S1P was increased in postmortem primary open angle glaucoma trabecular meshwork samples.

C12-Sphingosine (Sphingosine (d12:1)) 是一种具有 12 个碳原子的鞘氨醇同系物，诱导丝氨酸棕榈酰转移酶活性以时间和浓度依赖性方式降低。

Glucosylsphingosine(Lyso-Gb1) 是一种天然存在的糖基神经酰胺, 是GBA (acid β-glucosidase）的代谢产物, 参与细胞识别、信号转导和细胞间相互作用。Glucopsychosine在某些神经退行性疾病（如 Gaucher病）中积累，通过激活哺乳动物雷帕霉素复合体1（mTORC1）来破坏溶酶体功能,也是一种非竞争性糖脑苷酶 (glucocerebrosidase) 抑制剂。

N-Boc-1-pivaloyl-D-erythro-sphingosine 一种在生化反应中使用的试剂。

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) 属于佛波酯类天然产物，是一种 PKC、SphK、NF-κB 的激活剂。Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate 可诱导 THP1 细胞分化。

PF-543 (Sphingosine Kinase 1 Inhibitor II) 是一种选择性可逆和鞘氨醇竞争性 SPHK1抑制剂，可诱导细胞凋亡、坏死和自噬。它对 SPHK1的选择性是 SPHK2 的 100 倍以上。它还抑制全血中 1-磷酸鞘氨醇形成，IC50为 26.7 nM。