smoke

Rosiglitazone (BRL49653) 是一种 PPARγ 激动剂、TRPC5 激活剂和 TRPM3 抑制剂，具有口服活性。Rosiglitazone 也是一种降糖剂，是噻唑烷二酮类胰岛素增敏剂。

Rosiglitazone hydrochloride (BRL-49653 HCl) 是一种降血糖药物，通过与脂肪细胞中的 PPAR 受体结合来刺激胰岛素分泌。它对 PPARγ1、PPARγ2 和 PPARγ 的EC50值分别为 30 nM、100 nM 和 60 nM。它也是TRPC5的激活剂和TRPM3的抑制剂。

GSK2256294A (GSK 2256294) 是重组人、大鼠和小鼠 sEH 的有效特异性抑制剂，IC50 分别为 27 pM、61 pM 和 189 pM。

IQB-782 是一种粘液溶解剂，具有粘液溶解祛痰活性。IQB-782 抑制凝血酶活化性纤维蛋白溶解抑制剂，保护大鼠免受烟草烟雾引起的呼吸道阻塞，可降低体外胃粘蛋白悬浮液的粘度，可用于研究阻塞性肺疾病。

N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) 是致癌物质二烷基硝胺。它主要存在于水、烟草烟雾、腌制食品、油炸食品以及许多酒精饮料中。它与 DNA 修复 复制相关的核酶的变化相关。

Harmane (Loturine) 是一种在咖啡和烟草烟雾中发现的 β-咔啉生物碱，是有效的神经毒素，可引起严重的动作震颤和精神病学表现。它还是选择性的单胺氧化酶抑制剂，具有致突变作用，对 MAO A B 的 IC50值分别为 0.5 和 5 μM。

Anabasine HCl is used as a clinical biomarker for tobacco smoke exposure and as an insecticide. It is also a depolarizing NMJ blocker, aromatase inhibitor, nAChr antagonist, and teratogen found in species of Nicotiana.

AZD1236 is a potent and reversible inhibitor of human MMP-9 and MMP-12 (IC50 = 4.5 and 6.1nM, respectively), with >10-fold selectivity to MMP-2 and MMP-13 and >350-fold selectivity to other members of the enzyme family. AZD1236 activity is approximately 20 to 50-fold lower at the rat, mouse, and guinea pig orthologues. In acute models of lung injury, AZD1236 inhibited the haemorrhage and inflammation induced by instillation of human MMP-12 into rat lungs by ~80% at 0.81mg kg, and also abolished macrophage infiltration into BAL fluid induced by tobacco smoke inhalation in the mouse.

2-Methyldecane 是一种无色液体，主要用于有机合成反应的溶剂，也存在于香料烟叶和烟气中，其吸入毒性较低，大鼠暴露于饱和蒸汽浓度4小时未观察到死亡。

N’-Nitrosonornicotine is a tobacco-specific N-nitrosamine and carcinogen that has been found in unburned tobacco and cigarette smoke.1It induces the formation of DNA adducts in isolated rat nasal mucosa and esophagus. N’-Nitrosonornicotine induces tumor formation in rat esophagus and nasal cavity, mouse lung, forestomach, and trachea, and hamster trachea and forebrain. Urinary levels of N’-nitrosonornicotine are positively correlated with the risk of esophageal cancer in smokers.2 1.Hecht, S.S.Biochemistry, biology, and carcinogenicity of tobacco-specific N-nitrosaminesChem. Res. Toxicol.11(6)559-603(1998) 2.Yuan, J.-M., Knezevich, A.D., Wang, R., et al.Urinary levels of the tobacco-specific carcinogen N’-nitrosonornicotine and its glucuronide are strongly associated with esophageal cancer risk in smokersCarcinogenesis32(9)1366-1371(2011)

Cholesteryl palmitoleate, a cholesterol ester, exhibits elevated plasma levels in ApoE- - mice following exposure to cigarette smoke and in pediatric patients diagnosed with biliary atresia. It serves as a standard for identifying cholesterol esters in human meibomian gland secretions.

Nicotine 1'-N-oxide ((1′S,2′S)-Nicotine-1'-oxide) 是一种从烟草烟雾冷凝物中提取得到的 Nicotine 衍生物。

GPD-1116 是一种口服活性的PDE4和PDE1磷酸二酯酶抑制剂，能有效减少烟雾导致的肺细胞凋亡。此化合物在多种动物疾病模型中显示出疗效，如肺气肿、急性肺损伤、慢性阻塞性肺病 (COPD)、哮喘及肺动脉高压。

Nicotelline (Nicotellin) 是一种烟草烟雾中颗粒物的生物标志物和环境示踪剂，是存在于烟草烟雾中的相对不易挥发的生物碱，也是细胞色素P-450 2A6（CYP2A6）的弱抑制剂，可用于区分烟草制品。

Karrikinolide, a phytoreactive compound derived from smoke, holds potential in horticulture, ecological restoration, and agriculture. This compound exhibits regulatory properties by influencing endogenous cytokinin concentrations and stimulating plant growth.

Drotrecogin alfa activated (DrotAA)为重组人活化蛋白C（APC）。该化合物能够抑制由烟雾引起的大鼠肺微血管通透性上升及促炎细胞因子IL-1β水平增加，具有抗凝血与抗炎作用，并促进纤溶过程。Drotrecogin alfa activated主要用于重症脓毒症的实验研究。

(1'S,2'S)-Nicotine-1'-Oxide-d3 是 (1'S,2'S)-Nicotine-1'-Oxide 的氘代化合物。(1'S,2'S)-Nicotine-1'-Oxide 的 CAS 号为 51095-86-4。

PON-PC, an oxidized phospholipid with a 9-carbon fatty acyl chain ending in an aldehyde at the sn-2 position, arises from the oxidation of palmitoyl oleoyl phosphatidylcholine (POPC) or through interaction with ozone in pulmonary surfactant. It is found in oxidized LDL. At a 40 µM concentration, PON-PC diminishes the production of TNF-α, nitric oxide (NO), and NADP+ in primary mouse alveolar macrophages and lowers the bactericidal capability of RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, levels of PON-PC increase in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of mice exposed to cigarette smoke or in older mice.

Piriprost is a leukotriene inhibitor attenuates the smoke-induced increase in alveolar-capillary barrier permeability and decrease in plasminogen activator activity and causes a swelling of type I alveolar epithelium.

N-Nitrosodiethylamine-d10 是 N-Nitrosodiethylamine 的氘代化合物。N-Nitrosodiethylamine 的 CAS 号为 55-18-5。N-Nitrosodiethylamine 是致癌物质二烷基硝胺。它主要存在于水、烟草烟雾、腌制食品、油炸食品以及许多酒精饮料中。它与DNA修复 复制相关的核酶的变化相关。

β-Cembrenediol (β-CBT) is a natural product from tobacco plants that is found in cigarette smoke condensate. β-CBT inhibits induction of the early antigen of Epstein-Barr virus (EA-EBV) by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in vitro (IC50 = 21.9 μM). It inhibits tumor promoting effects of TPA on 7,12-demethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced papilloma formation in vivo. β-CBT is also released into soil by flue-cured tobacco plants and exerts autotoxicity as well as phytotoxic activity against L. sativa seedlings.

Liquiritin apioside has antioxidant property by inducing glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis via the inhibition of cytokines and protected lung epithelial cells against cigarette smoke-mediated oxidative stress, might be as protective agent against epithelial

5-Methylchrysene, a carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with four fused rings, functions as an aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist. It is generated through the incomplete combustion of organic matter and primarily detected in gasoline exhaust and tobacco smoke. Additionally, 5-Methylchrysene can be converted into mutagenic metabolites by cytochrome P450 enzymes 1A1 and 1B1.

1,6-Anhydro-D-galactose is a carbohydrate found in liquid smoke flavorings that is used as a tracer of the contribution of biomass burning to total atmospheric particulate matter.