preadipocytes

Methyl cinnamate 是花椒的有效成分，也是一种天然香料。它是一种防止食品褐变的酪氨酸酶抑制剂，具有抗菌活性。它通过由 CaMKK2-AMPK 信号途径介导的机制具有抗脂活性。

CP-544439 是一种具有口服活性和高效性的 MMP-13 抑制剂，可防止小鼠饮食诱导的肥胖，并抑制3T3-L1前脂肪细胞的脂肪生成，可用于研究肥胖。

Stearic acid (Cetylacetic acid) 是长链饱和脂肪酸，存在于许多动植物油脂中。

L-Chicoric Acid (trans-Caffeoyltartaric acid) 是一种二咖啡酰酒石酸，是一种选择性可逆的 HIV-1 整合酶抑制剂，IC50约为 100 nM。它还可抑制 HIV-1 复制。

Nitrated unsaturated fatty acids, such as 10- and 12-nitrolinoleate , cholesteryl nitrolinoleate, and nitrohydroxylinoleate, represent a new class of endogenous lipid-derived signalling molecules. LNO2 isomers serve as potent endogenous ligands for PPARγ and can also decompose or be metabolized to release nitric oxide. 9-Nitrooleate is one of two regioisomers of nitrooleate, the other being 10-nitrooleate (OA-NO2; used for the mixture of isomers), which are formed by nitration of oleic acid in approximately equal proportions in vivo. Peroxynitrite, acidified nitrite, and myeloperoxidase in the presence of H2O2 and nitrite, all mediate the nitration of oleic acid. OA-NO2 is found in human plasma as the free acid and esterified in phospholipids at concentrations of 619 ± 52 nM and 302 ± 369 nM, respectively. OA-NO2 activates PPARγ approximately 7-fold at a concentration of 1 μM and effectively promotes differentiation 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to adipocytes at 3 μM.

Theobromine-d6 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of theobromine by GC- or LC-MS. Theobromine is a methylxanthine alkaloid and derivative of caffeine that has been found in cocoa beans and has diverse biological activities. It is an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist. Theobromine increases AMPK phosphorylation and inhibits adipocyte differentiation, ERK and JNK phosphorylation, and IL-6 and TNF-α production in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes cultured in differentiation medium. It inhibits decreases in renal cortex SIRT1 activity and increases in NADPH oxidase-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as well as reduces kidney hypertrophy and albuminuria in a spontaneously hypertensive rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes when administered at a dose of 5 mg kg per day.3 Theobromine is toxic to dogs with an LD50 value of 250 to 500 mg kg.

PPARγ-IN-2 (Compound 5a) 是一款PPARγ抑制剂，可在3T3-L1前脂肪细胞中抑制TG积累，EC50值为0.106 μM。该化合物能够减轻HFC诱导的肥胖及相关代谢综合症状，同时降低脂肪组织内脂质的堆积。

Dihydrosamidin 是一种天然产物。它对3T3-L1前脂肪细胞中三酰基甘油积累的抑制作用。

Stearic acid-18,18,18-d3 是 Stearic acid 的氘代化合物。Stearic acid 的 CAS 号为 57-11-4。Stearic acid是长链饱和脂肪酸，存在于许多动植物油脂中。

3,5,7,3′,4′-Pentamethoxyflavone (Quercetin 3,5,7,3,4-pentamethyl ether) 是一种分离自小花山奈中的多甲氧基黄酮。在分化早期，它可以调控转录因子，促进 3T3-L1 前脂肪细胞形成脂肪。

Hirsutenone has potent antioxidant activity, it shows significant free radical scavenging activity and exhibits inhibition effect on the mitochondrial lipid peroxidation.Hirsutenone exhibits anti-cancer, and anti-filarial effects, it may exert a preventive effect against microbial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory skin diseases through inhibition of ERK pathway-mediated NF-kappaB activation. Hirsutenone attenuates adipogenesis by directly targeting PI3K and ERK during MCE in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, underscoring the potential therapeutic application of Hirsutenone in preventing obesity.

Zaluzanin C 是一种倍半萜内酯，具备抗炎活性，通过抑制mtROS生成和NF-κB信号通路来减少TNF-α的产生。同时，Zaluzanin C 能阻止3T3-L1前脂肪细胞向成熟脂肪细胞的分化。