AK-135 is a derivative of 1,4-naphthoquinone (Menadione). AK-135 has been shown to restore the electron flow in defective respiratory chain (hypoxia or rotenone) systems more effectively than Menadione.
Dihydroisotanshinone I has protective action against menadione-induced hepatotoxicity, attributed to its antioxidant properties including the free radical scavenging activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation.