amino acid incorporation

Spectinomycin dihydrochloride (Actinospectacin) 是一种能与细菌核糖体的30S 亚基结合，干扰蛋白质合成的抗生素。

Spectinomycin dihydrochloride pentahydrate (Spectogard) 是一种广谱氨基环糊精抗生素，可以抑制多种革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性生物的生长。

The leguminous shrub,Leucaena leucocephala(Leucaena) is wide‐spread in tropical and subtropical agricultural systems and provides a ready source of protein for livestock. However, the presence of mimosine, a non‐protein, amino acid comprising about 12% of the dry matter in growing tips ofLeucaena, is toxic to animals. Mimosine is degraded rapidly in the rumen to produce 3,4‐dihydroxypyridine (3,4‐DHP) and 2,3‐dihydroxypyridine (2,3‐DHP), both of which remain toxic to animals[1]. 3,4-DHP, as a derivative of the plant amino acid mimosine, is goitrogenic in cattle, sheep, and mice. In contrast to established antithyroid compounds, such as methimazole (MMI) and propylthiouracil (PTU), 3,4-DHP has no SH-group. 3,4-DHP with various concentrations inhibited incorporation of125I into protein in human thyroid slices. It also suppressed the activation of lymphocytes by PHA (phytohaemagglutinin) and PWM (pokeweed mitogen). Suppression with 3,4-DHP was seen at 100 and 1000 μmol L (P< 0.001 vs both PHA and PWM). Those, together with a very low murine bone marrow toxicity, probably related to the absence of an SH-group, make 3,4-DHP a potential antithyroid drug[2].

Fmoc-L-photo-proline为可通过Fmoc固相法纳入合成肽中的光交联氨基酸。该化合物在环状拟肽抗生素合成及肽基光亲和探针研究制备中应用广泛。

Selenocysteine 被认为是核糖体介导的蛋白质合成中的第 21 个氨基酸，其特异性掺入由 UGA 密码子指导。