adipocyte

Sinigrin 是十字花科植物中主要的硫代葡萄糖苷，具有抗脂肪生成作用。它在芥子油苷的分离和鉴定程序中用作参考材料。Sinigrin 具有有效的抗氧化、抗肿瘤和抗炎作用。

Mifobate (SR-202) 是一种有效且特异性的 PPARγ拮抗剂，可选择性抑制噻唑烷二酮 (TZD) 诱导的 PPARγ 转录活性，IC50为140 μM，具有抗肥胖和抗糖尿病作用。

BVT 2733 是具有口服活性的、强效的、非甾体类11β-HSD1选择性抑制剂。它对小鼠 11β-HSD1 酶的作用 (IC50:96 nM) 比对人 11β-HSD1 酶 (IC50:3341 nM) 的作用强。它对关节炎和肥胖相关疾病具有潜在的研究价值。

Methyl cinnamate 是花椒的有效成分，也是一种天然香料。它是一种防止食品褐变的酪氨酸酶抑制剂，具有抗菌活性。它通过由 CaMKK2-AMPK 信号途径介导的机制具有抗脂活性。

Kudinoside D 是 Ilex kudingcha 中三萜皂苷的主要天然成分之一。它能够调节 3T3-L1 脂肪细胞中 AMPK 途径，并可抑制脂肪形成。

CL316243 是一种高效的 β3 肾上腺素受体选择性激动剂，EC50 为 3 nM。它是一种有效的脂肪细胞脂解刺激剂，可增加棕色脂肪组织的产热和代谢率，具有治疗肥胖症、糖尿病和急迫性尿失禁的潜力。

Suksdorfin 具有降血糖作用，可促进脂肪细胞分化并增强脂联素的产生，可激活过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体 γ （PPARγ），可促进脂肪细胞对胰岛素依赖性葡萄糖的摄取，可用于肥胖相关研究。

4-METHOXYCHALCONE (2-(4-Methoxybenzal)Acetophenone) 是一种增强脂肪细胞分化的天然化合物。

N-Oleoyl glycine 是一种脂氨酸。在 3T3-L1 脂肪细胞中，N-Oleoyl glycine 通过激活CB1受体和Akt 信号通路来刺激脂肪形成。

Eritadenine (Lentinacin) 是一种蘑菇衍生物，是脂肪细胞质膜腺苷 P 位点的效应子，具有降胆固醇作用，抑制大鼠蛋氨酸诱导的高同型半胱氨酸血症，诱导的大鼠磷脂分子种类组成的改变，可用于研究焦虑症。

Naringenin chalcone (Isosalipurpol) 是一种黄酮醇生物合成的中间体，在查耳酮异构酶的作用下，自发代谢成柚皮素。它具有抗炎和抗过敏活性。

Deacetylforskolin is a diterpene and a derivative of forskolin that has been found inC. forskohliiand has diverse biological activities.1,2,3,4It activates rat adipocyte adenylyl cyclase (IC50= 20 μM) and inhibits glucose transport in rat adipocyte plasma membranes.2Deactylforskolin (30-1,000 μg kg) reduces blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats.3It also attenuates hypercapnia-induced impairments in the passive avoidance response in mice.4 1.Gabetta, B., Zini, G., and Danieli, B.Minor Diterpenoids of Coleus forskohliiPhytochemistry28(3)859-862(1989) 2.Joost, H.G., Habberfield, A.D., Simpson, I.A., et al.Activation of adenylate cyclase and inhibition of glucose transport in rat adipocytes by forskolin analogues: structural determinants for distinct sites of actionMol. Pharmacol.33(4)449-453(1988) 3.Bhat, S.V., Dohadwalla, A.N., Bajwa, B.S., et al.The antihypertensive and positive inotropic diterpene forskolin: Effects of structural modifications on its activityJ. Med. Chem.26(4)486-492(1983) 4.McCulloch, A.J., Thomson, T.A., and Deacon, R.Hypoxic amnesia and its reversal with forskolinBiochem. Soc. Trans.17(1)212-213(1988)

L-858,051 is a water-soluble analog of forskolin , a cell-permeant activator of adenylate cyclase. L-858,051 activates adenylate cyclase (EC50 = 3 μM), inhibits glucose transport, and blocks cytochalasin B binding in rat adipocyte membranes. L-858,051 is used to activate adenylate cyclase and initiate signaling through elevated cAMP synthesis in a variety of cell types in culture.

LDN 0088050 is selectivity adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (AFABP, FABP4) inhibitor with Ki values of 0.29 and 1.3 μM for FABP4 and FABP3, respectively. LDN 0088050 binds to FABP4 with a Kd of 2.05 μM[1]. Ki: 0.29 μM (FABP4), 1.3 μM (FABP3)[1]Kd: 2.05 μM (FABP4)[1] LDN 0088050 significantly inhibits LPS-induced expression of both TNFα and IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells[1]. [1]. Zhou Y, et al. The discovery of novel and selective fatty acid binding protein 4 inhibitors by virtual screening and biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem. 2016 Sep 15;24(18):4310-4317.

10-Nitrolinoleate is the product of nitration of linoleate by NO-derived reactive species. Other nitrolinoleates detected in human plasma and urine include 9-, 12-, and 13-nitrolinoleate. Nitrolinoleates activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ; Ki = 133 nM), inducing CD36 expression in macrophages, adipocyte differentiation, and glucose uptake. Nitrolinoleates can also be metabolized by smooth muscle cells to produce nitrite derivatives which in turn form NO, leading to increased cGMP production and smooth muscle relaxation. Through the same mechanism, nitrolinoleate-derived NO suppresses leukocyte adhesion, in part through nitrosation of CD40. Alteratively, nitrolinoleates can act independently of NO/cGMP and PPARγ signaling to suppress neutrophil and macrophage functions.

Pulsatilloside C, an isolated compound from Pulsatilla koreana, exhibits notable inhibition of adipocyte differentiation.

IQZ23 is a chemical compound that effectively inhibits adipocyte differentiation by activating the AMPK pathway. It demonstrates high efficacy in reducing triglyceride levels (EC50=0.033 μM) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Given its properties, IQZ23 holds potential for research related to obesity and metabolic disorders.

BMS309403 是有效的、选择性脂肪细胞脂肪酸结合蛋白 aFABP 抑制剂。它可改善载脂蛋白 E 缺乏症小鼠和培养的人内皮细胞的内皮功能。它能够与蛋白质内部的脂肪酸结合口袋相互作用，竞争性地抑制内源性脂肪酸的结合。

7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin (4',7-DIMETHOXY-5-HYDROXYFLAVONE) 可能具有抗真菌c.zeyheri 的作用，是一种潜在的抗真菌药物。它还能抑制药物流出泵(IC50 = 51.64μg 毫升)。

Epiberberine 是一种从黄连中得到的生物碱，是AChE 和BChE 抑制剂，和非竞争性BACE1抑制剂。在 3T3-L1 细胞分化早期，它能够下调 Raf MEK1 2 ERK1 2 和 AMPKα Akt 信号通路。它具有抗氧化作用，能够清除 ONOO-，可用于阿尔滋海默症和糖尿病的研究。

BMS-309403 sodium 是一种有效的选择性脂肪细胞脂肪酸结合蛋白aFABP, 也称为FABP4，aP2抑制剂，对 FABP4，FABP3 和 FABP5 的Ki 分别为 <2 nM，250 nM，350 nM。BMS-309403 sodium 与蛋白质内部的脂肪酸结合口袋相互作用，竞争性地抑制内源性脂肪酸的结合。BMS-309403 sodium 可改善载脂蛋白E 缺乏症小鼠和培养的人内皮细胞的内皮功能。

Tyrphostin AG17 is a biochemical that promotes adipocyte apoptosis in vivo and is an effective modulator of adipocyte differentiation and WAT hypertrophy in vitro and in vivo. It is thought to possibly be useful as a pharmacological obesity treatment. It is a tyrosine kinase antagonist that has also been found to inhibit tumor cell growth.

Theobromine-d6 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of theobromine by GC- or LC-MS. Theobromine is a methylxanthine alkaloid and derivative of caffeine that has been found in cocoa beans and has diverse biological activities. It is an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist. Theobromine increases AMPK phosphorylation and inhibits adipocyte differentiation, ERK and JNK phosphorylation, and IL-6 and TNF-α production in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes cultured in differentiation medium. It inhibits decreases in renal cortex SIRT1 activity and increases in NADPH oxidase-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as well as reduces kidney hypertrophy and albuminuria in a spontaneously hypertensive rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes when administered at a dose of 5 mg kg per day.3 Theobromine is toxic to dogs with an LD50 value of 250 to 500 mg kg.

Gliclazide-d4 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of gliclazide by GC- or LC-MS. Gliclazide is a sulfonylurea and an inhibitor of pancreatic β-cell ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels. It is selective for pancreatic β-cell over cardiac and arterial smooth muscle cell KATP channels. Gliclazide (5 μM) increases insulin-induced glucose uptake and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation to the plasma membrane in a differentiated 3T3L1 adipocyte model of insulin resistance induced by hydrogen peroxide. Gliclazide (5 and 10 μg ml) reduces LDL oxidation by human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs), decreasing TBARS content and 8-isoprostane levels. It also decreases oxidized LDL-induced HASMC proliferation and monocyte adhesion when used at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 μg ml. Gliclazide (5 mg kg) reduces serum glucose levels and increases glucose uptake by isolated rat hindquarters in a model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ).