β-endorphin

β-Endorphin (β-EP) is an endogenous opioid neuropeptide with diverse biological activities. It is produced via piomelanocortin cleavage in the pituitary gland, hypothalamus, and in lymphocytes, then migrates to its sites of action which include plasma, gut, skin, placenta, cerebrospinal fluid, and cardiac tissues. β-EP induces concentration-dependent decreases in electrically stimulated contraction of the mouse vas deferens that can be reversed by the μ-opioid antagonist CTP and δ-opioid antagonist ICI 174,864. In vivo, β-EP (5 μg, i.c.v.) slows gastrointestinal transit in mice. β-EP (0.5 or 5 μg, i.c.v.) stimulates food intake in rats for 4 to 6 hours, however, this effect is not prolonged with continuous infusion. It antagonizes the appetite-suppressive effects of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) for the first three days post administration. β-EP also reduces paralytic demyelination induced by the murine coronavirus MHV-JHM in immunocompetent, but not irradiated or immune-incompetent, mice and rats.

β-Endorphin (1-27) (human) acetate 存在于大脑垂体和下丘脑中，具有镇痛活性。 β-Endorphin (1-27) (human) acetate 是一种阿片受体激动剂，对 μ-阿片受体和 δ-阿片受体具有较好的亲和力。

Acetyl β-endorphin (1-26) is a neuropeptide found in rat hippocampus, brain stem, and pituitary. It is also present in the human hypothalamus, where it comprises approximately 4.9% of total β-endorphin peptides. Acetyl β-endorphin (1-26) is produced through posttranslational processing of β-endorphin and is processed similarly in rat and human hypothalamus. Levels of acetyl β-endorphin (1-26) increase in the rat pars intermedia and brain stem following chronic administration of haloperidol .

β-Endorphin (1-27) is an endogenous peptide that binds to μ-, δ-, and κ-opioid receptors (Kis = 5.31, 6.17, and 39.82 nM, respectively, in COS-1 cells expressing rat receptors). It binds to rat and mouse brain membrane preparations (IC50s = 1.1 and 5.7 nM, respectively) and induces chemotaxis of human monocytes in vitro when used at a concentration of 1 nM. Intracerebroventricular administration of β-endorphin (1-27) increases the latency to tail withdrawal in response to thermal stimulation in mice with a median antinociceptive dose (AD50) of 1,500 pmol per animal. It inhibits antinociception induced by β-endorphin in mice in response to thermal stimuli when administered at a dose of 65 pmol per animal. In rats, β-endorphin (1-27) does not affect drug-associated place preference when administered at doses up to 20 μg, i.c.v., but inhibits β-endorphin-induced place preference when administered at a dose of 10 μg per animal.

β-Endorphin, equine TFA，是具备强效亲和力于μ和δ阿片受体(μ δ opioid receptors)的内源性阿片类多肽，主要功能包括止痛。

β-Endorphin是一种内源性阿片类神经肽，作为opioid receptor激动剂，主要与μ-阿片受体发生作用。该肽在中枢和周围神经系统特定神经元中表达，是人类体内三种内啡肽之一。β-Endorphin在减轻压力、维护生理平衡及调控神经系统的疼痛感知中发挥作用。

β-Endorphin (1-27) (human) 是一种 opioid 拮抗剂，与 μ-、δ- 及 κ-阿片受体结合，其 Kis 分别为 5.31、6.17 及 39.82 nM。该化合物还能够抑制由 β-Endorphin 及 etorphine 引起的痛觉消失。

β-Endorphin, rat (β-Lipotropin 61-91) 是一种在心血管调节中起作用的神经肽。该化合物能导致大鼠出现显著的持续性肌肉僵硬和静止，这种效应与紧张状态相似。

β-Endorphin, equine (TFA) is an endogenous opioid peptide, which binds at high affinity to both μ/δ opioid receptors.

N-Acetyl-α-Endorphin acetate(88264-63-5 free base) 是 N 末端乙酰化的 α-Endorphin。 α-内啡肽是一种内源性 opioid 肽。

N-Acetyl-α-Endorphin is a chemical compound consisting of α-Endorphin that has been acetylated at the N-terminal. α-Endorphin, in turn, is an endogenous opioid peptide.

[Des-Tyr1]-gamma-Endorphin 为一种神经肽，其主要分布于人类的脑脊液。该化合物展现出抗抑郁效果，可有效减缓大鼠的主动及被动回避行为。

β-Endorphin, human, a prominent endogenous peptide found in the hypophysis cerebri and hypothalamus, is an agonist of [opioid receptor].

Endorphin Beta is A substance produced in the brain, especially in the pituitary gland, Endorphin Beta blocks the sensation of pain. Endorphin Beta is produced in response to pain, exercise, and other forms of stress. Endorphin Beta belongs to a group of

alpha-Endorphin acetate 是具有特征生物活性的原阿片黑皮质素家族的相关肽，从单个人类垂体中纯化至同质。

Isoferulic acid (Hesperetate) 是一种肉桂酸衍生物，有抗糖尿病活性和抗流感病毒活性。它能结合并激活 α1-肾上腺素能受体，增强 β-内啡肽的分泌并增加体外葡萄糖的使用。

α-Neoendorphin (1-8) is an 8-amino acid peptide derived from the N-terminal of α-Neoendorphin, an endogenous opioid peptide in the neoendorphin family, which are proteolytic cleavage products.

beta-Neoendorphin acetate(77739-21-0 free base) 是 κ-opioid 受体的激动剂

Glycyl-glutamine (Glycyl-L-glutamine monohydrate) 是 β-内啡肽(1-31) 的内源拮抗剂，是β-endorphin 的酶裂解产品。它是一种比谷氨酰胺 (Gln) 稳定的活性神经肽。

Shanzhiside methyl ester 是一种小分子胰高血糖素样肽 1 受体激动剂，分离自轮状乳杆菌，能够诱导抗异常性痛觉耐受。

Bis[2-(succinimidooxycarbonyloxy)ethyl] sulfone 是一种能与双功能团胺发生反应的交联剂，用于交联β-内啡肽与阿片受体。作为双(2-羟乙基)琥珀酰亚胺(BES)的砜衍生物，它在肽和蛋白质合成及酶反应机理研究中具有重要作用。

[DPro5] Corticotropin Releasing Factor, human, rat 是人类和大鼠促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子 激素 R2 的选择性激动剂。作为一种下丘脑激素，促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子 (CRF) 能够促进肾上腺皮质激素 (ACTH) 和 β-内啡肽的分泌。值得注意的是，[DPro5] Corticotropin Releasing Factor, human, rat 并不触发典型的焦虑反应，而是能调控大鼠的学习与记忆过程。

[Tyr0] Corticotropin Releasing Factor, ovine 是从绵羊分离的促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子 激素。该因子（CRF）为下丘脑激素，能激发促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）及β-内啡肽的释放。

γ-1-MSH, amide acetate (72629-65-3 free base) 是 ACTH β-内啡肽 (β-EP) 前体蛋白 N 末端区域的一种推定激素，RIA 使用抗 γ-3-MSH 抗血清对产生 ACTH 的小鼠进行了研究垂体肿瘤细胞，AtT-20 D16v。