pigmented

Pentoxifylline (PTX) 是一种具有口服活性的磷酸二酯酶非选择性抑制剂，具有免疫调节、抗炎、抗纤溶、抗增殖和血液流变学改善作用。它可研究周围血管疾病、脑血管疾病和其他一些涉及局部微循环缺陷的疾病。

Hederacolchiside A1 (Raddeanoside R13) 是从白头翁中分离的一种有抗利什曼原虫和抗肿瘤增殖活性的天然产物。

Globotetraosylceramides are bioactive neutral glycosphingolipids. They are the major glycolipids in human erythrocytes. They act as receptors for the Shiga toxins Stx1, Stx2, and Stx2e, the cytotoxic protein pierisin-1, and parvovirus B19. Globotetraosylceramides increase the expression of proteins responsible for enamel deposition, including ameloblastin, amelogenin, and enamelin, in dental epithelial cells and activate the ERK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Levels of globotetraosylceramides are elevated in fibroblasts from patients with salt and pepper syndrome, a neurocutaneous condition characterized by intellectual disability and hyper- and hypo-pigmented skin. Globotetraosylceramides (porcine RBC) contains a mixture of globotetraosylceramides with variable fatty acyl chain lengths isolated from porcine red blood cells.

TDRL-X80 是一种色素性干皮症蛋白 (XPA) 的有效抑制剂。TDRL-X80 能够抑制 XPA 的 DNA 结合活性。TDRL-X80 能够作用于单、双和顺铂损伤的 DNA，在荧光偏振 (FP) 分析中的 IC50 值为 18、20 和 29 μM，而 ELISA 分析中的 IC50为 21、39 和 28。

Protorubradirin 是一种可以从不产色链霉菌红紫灵变种中与 Rubradirin 分离得到的抗生素。Protorubradirin 对 HIV 逆转录酶具有抑制活性，并在体外研究中抑制金黄色葡萄球菌菌株和链球菌。在小鼠感染模型中，皮下注射 Protorubradirin 对抗生素耐药的金黄色葡萄球菌表现出较强的体内抑制效力，但口服可能显著降低其活性，可能是由于其 C-亚硝基糖在酸性胃环境中的裂解速度更快。

Haginin A is an effective inhibitor of hyperpigmentation caused by UV irradiation or by pigmented skin disorders through downregulation via ERK and Akt/PKB activation, MITF, and also by the subsequent downregulation of tyrosinase and TRP-1 production. Hag