n. sativa

Thymoquinone (NSC 2228) 是一种分离自 N. sativa 中的天然产物，具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗癌、抗肿瘤活性和保肝作用。

Quorum sensing is a regulatory system used by bacteria for controlling gene expression in response to increasing cell density. This regulatory process manifests itself with a variety of phenotypes including biofilm formation and virulence factor production. Coordinated gene expression is achieved by the production, release, and detection of small diffusible signal molecules called autoinducers. The N-acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) comprise one such class of autoinducers, each of which generally consists of a fatty acid coupled with homoserine lactone (HSL). Regulation of bacterial quorum sensing signaling systems to inhibit pathogenesis represents a new approach to antimicrobial therapy in the treatment of infectious diseases. AHLs vary in acyl group length (C4-C18), in the substitution of C3 (hydrogen, hydroxyl, or oxo group), and in the presence or absence of one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the fatty acid chain. These differences confer signal specificity through the affinity of transcriptional regulators of the LuxR family. C18-HSL is one of four lipophilic, long acyl side-chain bearing AHLs produced by the LuxI AHL synthase homolog SinI involved in quorum sensing signaling in strains of S. meliloti, a nitrogen-fixing bacterial symbiont of the legume M. sativa. C18-HSL and other hydrophobic AHLs tend to localize in relatively lipophilic cellular environments of bacteria and cannot diffuse freely through the cell membrane. The long-chain N-acylhomoserine lactones may be exported from cells by efflux pumps or may be transported between communicating cells by way of extracellular outer membrane vesicles.

Flaccidoside III, 分离自黑种草（N. sativa）地上部分的一种类黄酮和三萜类化合物，具有抑制α-Glucosidase（IC50：256.7 μM）的活性，表现出潜在的抗氧化和抗糖尿病效应。

N-Vanillyloctanamide 是一种来自 Capsicum annuum L. var. 果实的辣椒素。年鉴。 N-Vanillyloctanamide 减少 Lactuca sativa 幼苗的自由基长度，这种抑制是剂量依赖性的。