mhy 219.

Maprotiline-d3 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of maprotiline by GC- or LC-MS. Maprotiline is a tricyclic antidepressant. It binds to the norepinephrine transporter (NET) and is selective for NET over the serotonin and dopamine transporters. Maprotiline also binds to the serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtype 5-HT2A, as well as histamine H1, muscarinic acetylcholine, α1-adrenergic, and dopamine D2 receptors. In vivo, maprotiline inhibits norepinephrine reuptake in rat brain and peripheral tissues. It reduces isolation-induced aggressive behavior and inhibits electrical foot-shock stimulation-induced belligerence in mice when administered at doses ranging from 3 to 10 mg kg. Maprotiline also reduces aggressive behavior in rhesus monkeys housed in groups. Formulations containing maprotiline have been used in the treatment of depression and anxiety.

MHY219 is a novel HDAC inhibitor. MHY219 induces apoptosis via up-regulation of androgen receptor expression in human prostate cancer cells. MHY219 was shown to enhance the cytotoxicity on DU145 cells (IC50, 0.36 μM) when compared with LNCaP (IC50, 0.97 μM) and PC3 cells (IC50, 5.12 μM). MHY219 showed a potent inhibition of total HDAC activity when compared with SAHA. MHY219 increased histone H3 hyperacetylation and reduced the expression of class I HDACs (1, 2 and 3) in prostate cancer cells. MHY219 effectively increased the sub-G1 fraction of cells through p21 and p27 dependent pathways in DU145 cells. MHY219 significantly induced a G2 M phase arrest in DU145 and PC3 cells and arrested the cell cycle at G0 G1 phase in LNCaP cells. Furthermore, MHY219 effectively increased apoptosis in DU145 and LNCaP cells, but not PC3 cells, according to Annexin V PI staining and Western blot analysis. These results indicate that MHY219 is a potent HDAC inhibitor that targets regulating mu......