mepivacaine

Mepivacaine (Carbocaine) 是一种可用于局部麻醉的酰胺类化合物，可使人或动物短暂的失去自知觉。Mepivacaine 通过与神经细胞膜上特定的电压门控钠离子通道结合，抑制钠离子内流和膜去极化来发挥作用。Mepivacaine 适用于神经阻滞和硬膜外麻醉。

Mepivacaine hydrochloride (Mepivacaine HCl) 是具有局部麻醉特性的酰胺衍生物。Mepivacaine hydrochloride 与神经元细胞膜上特定的电压门控钠离子通道结合，抑制钠离子内流和膜去极化。

Dexivacaine is an type of anesthetic.

Articaine hydrochloride (Hoe-045) 一种牙科局部麻醉剂。

PD-85639 is a voltage-gated sodium (Na+) channel blocker (75% in 10 min & >95% in 25 min blockage of Na+ current by 25 μM PD85,639; whole-cell patch clamp using primary rat brain neurons) that is shown to target rat brain Nav1.2 with simultaneous high- and low-affinity modes of binding (EC50 = 56 nM 40% & 20 μM 60% at pH 9.0, 5 nM 28% & 3 μM 72% at pH 7.4, against 2 nM [3H]-PD85,639 for binding rat brain synaptosomes; EC50 = 17 nM 39% & 10 μM 61% using at pH 9.0 using rat brain synaptosome membranes) and a fast kinetic (t1 2 = 1.2 at 4°C, <0.5 min at 25°C), competitive against the local anesthetic Na+ channel blockers tetracaine, bupivacaine, and mepivacaine, as well as Na+ channel activators veratridine and batrachotoxin (K1 = 0.26 μM against 5 nM [3H]-BTX for binding rat neocrotical membranes).