l lysine l glutamate

L-Lysine L-glutamate is a bioactive chemical.

Nε-(1-Carboxyethyl)-L-lysine (CEL), a known advanced glycation end product (AGE), forms through the interaction of methyl glyoxal and lysine residues within proteins. Unlike its free form, protein-bound CEL can attach to the receptor for AGEs (RAGE). Its concentrations are notably higher in the lenses of diabetic cataract patients and are reduced in rat heart mitochondria following sustained caloric restriction. Furthermore, at 1 mM, CEL impedes glutamate uptake and the release of S100B in rat hippocampal slices, an effect that occurs independently of RAGE.

Saccharopine hydrochloride（L-Saccharopine hydrochloride）是赖氨酸降解的中间体，兼具线粒体毒性。该化合物由赖氨酸-酮戊二酸还原酶催化赖氨酸与α-酮戊二酸生成。继而，糖精脱氢酶作用于Saccharopine hydrochloride，生成α-氨基己酸酯半醛和谷氨酸。其通过干扰线粒体的稳态平衡，对生物体的发育造成损害。