kaad cyclopamine

Cyclopamine-KAAD is a potent inhibitor of hedgehog signaling with an IC50 value of 20 nM in a Shh-LIGHT2 assay. It blocks binding of BODIPY-cyclopamine to cells expressing Smoothened (Smo) in a dose-dependent manner. Cyclopamine-KAAD is cell-permeable and binds to SmoA1 to promote its exit from the endoplasmic reticulum. It inhibits the invasion and migration (45.9 and 43.3% inhibition, respectively) of Bel-7402 hepatocarcinoma cells and decreases the expression of nuclear glioma-associated oncogene 1 (Gli1) and cytosolic MMP-9, pERK1, and pERK2 proteins in a dose-dependent manner. Cyclopamine-KAAD also increases TRAIL-mediated cell death in NCH82 and NCH89 human glioblastoma cultures and upregulates expression of the death receptors DR4 and DR5 in LN229 and U251 glioma cells.

Tomatidine hydrochloride (Tomatidine HCl) 是一种甾体生物碱，可防止肌肉萎缩并促进肌肉生长。它通过阻断 NF-κB 和JNK 信号发挥抗炎作用，可激活哺乳动物细胞或秀丽隐杆线虫中的自噬。