fatty desaturation

YTX-465 是有效的硬脂酰辅酶 A 去饱和酶 (Ole1 SCD) 抑制剂，抑制 Ole1 和 SCD1的IC50=分别为 0.039 μM 和 30.4 μM。YTX-465在帕金森病和其他突触核蛋白病领域有研究的价值。

Heteroatom-substituted fatty acids have been observed to modulate the extension and desaturating of fatty acids, and to influence their distribution within phospholipids pools. 10-Thiastearic acid inhibits desaturation of radiolabeled stearate to oleate in rat hepatocytes and hepatoma cells by more than 80% at a concentration of 25 μM. This activity is associated with a hypolipidemic effect, making this 10-thiastearic acid a useful tool for evaluating new anti-obesity therapeutics.

9(Z),12(Z),15(Z),18(Z),21(Z)-Tetracosapentaenoic acid is an ω-3 very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid. It has been used to study the desaturation and elongation of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. It is elongated to form C26:5 or acted on by δ6 desaturase to form C24:6. 9(Z),12(Z),15(Z),18(Z),21(Z)-Tetracosapentaenoic acid is found at low levels in mouse brain and spleen and levels decrease in the brain and spleen of old and exceptionally old mice.

All-cis-4,7,10,13,16-Docosapentaenoic acid (all-cis-4,7,10,13,16-DPA) methyl ester, also known as Osbond acid, is an isomer of DPA and a more lipid-soluble variant of the free acid, primarily found in fish oils as an ω-3, 22-carbon fatty acid. Despite being an ω-6 fatty acid synthesized through the elongation and desaturation of arachidonic acid, its levels can decrease due to fatty acid desaturase syndrome, potentially impacting development. Additionally, increased expression of hepatic elongation of very long fatty acids protein 6 and elevated levels of very long-chain fatty acids, including all-cis-4,7,10,13,16-DPA, are indicative of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, a condition that precedes hepatocellular carcinoma.

DPA (二十二碳五烯酸) 是一种含有22个碳原子的脂肪酸，主要来源于鱼油，占人体总血清不饱和脂肪酸的0.1%至1%，其含量可随膳食补充剂摄入增加而上升。all-cis-4,7,10,13,16-DPA（奥斯键酸）作为DPA的一种异构体，通过花生四烯酸的延伸和脱饱和生成的ω-6脂肪酸。在脂肪酸脱饱和酶综合征期间，all-cis-4,7,10,13,16-DPA的水平下降可能会干扰正常发育。在非酒精性脂肪性肝炎中，一种与肝细胞癌相关的癌前病症，超长脂肪酸蛋白6的肝脏表达增加，同时超长链脂肪酸水平上升，包括all-cis-4,7,10,13,16-DPA。