defence

β-Cyclocitral 是 β-胡萝卜素的挥发性氧化衍生物，是微囊藻特有的掠食性动物防御信号。它是一种强大的驱虫剂。它是主要的挥发性萜类化合物之一，可以上调防御基因的表达，从而增强过量光照 (EL) 的适应性。

NG,NG-dimethyl-L-Arginine dihydrochloride 是一种内源性一氧化氮合酶抑制剂。由 L-精氨酸合成的一氧化氮 (NO) 有助于调节血压和宿主防御。

Glycine-pentagastrin can enhance gastric mucosal defence mechanisms against acid and protect the gastric mucosa from experimental injury.

Vestitol is a phytoalexin with insect feeding-deterrent activity, it has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities, it can inhibit neutrophil migration at a dose of 10 mg kg, and shows MICs ranging from 25-50 to 50-100 ug mL and MBCs ranging from 25-50 to 50-100 ug mL.Vestitol exerts a limited inhibitory effect on S. hermonthica germination, it can significantly inhibit seedling growth, it also contributes, at least in part, to the host's defence mechanism and acts as a chemical barrier against the intrusion of the parasite.