BMSpep-57hydrochloride, a potent macrocyclic peptide, competitively inhibits PD-1/PD-L1 interaction, exhibiting an IC50 value of 7.68 nM. It binds to PD-L1 with dissociation constants (Kds) of 19 nM and 19.88 nM as determined by MST and SPR assays, respectively. This compound enhances T cell functionality by promoting IL-2 production in PBMCs[1].