aminoglycosides

Amikacin hydrate (BAY 41-6551 hydrate) 是一种氨基糖苷类抗生素,具有杀菌作用，可用于研究耐药性结核分枝杆菌感染和革兰氏否定细菌感染，常用于临床中大肠杆菌引起的尿道感染。

Amikacin sulfate 是一种氨基糖苷类抗生素，也是卡那霉素的半合成类似物。它具有杀菌作用，直接作用于 30S 和 50S 细菌核糖体亚基，可抑制蛋白质合成。它抑制大多数革兰氏阴性细菌，还抑制易感诺卡氏菌和非结核分枝杆菌引起的感染。

Amikacin disulfate (BAY-416651 sulfate) 是氨基糖苷类抗生素，也是卡那霉素的半合成类似物。它具有杀菌作用，直接作用于 30S 和 50S 细菌核糖体亚基，可抑制蛋白质合成。它对大多数革兰氏阴性细菌都有效。它还抑制易感诺卡氏菌和非结核分枝杆菌引起的感染。

Apramycin(Nebramycin II) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used in veterinary medicine. IC50 value:Target: Apramycin stands out among aminoglycosides for its mechanism of action which is based on blocking translocation and its ability to bind also to the eukaryotic decoding site despite differences in key residues required for apramycin recognition by the bacterial target. The drug binds in the deep groove of the RNA which forms a continuously stacked helix comprising non-canonical C.A and G.A base pairs and a bulged-out adenine. The binding mode of apramycin at the human decoding-site RNA is distinct from aminoglycoside recognition of the bacterial target, suggesting a molecular basis for the actions of apramycin in eukaryotes and bacteria. [1]. Apramycin, From Wikipedia

Paromomycin (Sulfate Salt) is an aminoglycoside that is active against Gram-negative and many Gram-positive bacteria as well as some protozoa and cestodes. Paromomycin in combination with sodium stibogluconate has proven to be effective in African and Indian VL (visceral leishmaniasis) and improves survival in African VL[3]. PS (Paromomycin Sulfate) is effective for elimination of B. coli without hematological side effects[4]. The activity of phosphoglucose isomerase was slightly inhibited by 10(-3) M paromomycin sulfate while those of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were not inhibited[5]. In addition, with regard to correlation of endotoxemia with renal impairment, endogenous creatinine clearance and p-aminohippurate clearance were significantly improved (P less than 0.02) in those patients whose endotoxemia disappeared on paromomycin sulfate administration. Paromomycin sulfate seems to be effective in the prevention of endotoxemia and the associated renal impairment in cirrhosis in man[6]. Significantly higher frequencies of resistance to paromomycin, kanamycin, neomycin and tobramycin were observed in S. aureus isolates from PS (paromomycin supplemented) birds. Paromomycin supplementation resulted in resistance to aminoglycosides in bacteria of PS turkeys. Co-selection for resistance to other antimicrobial agents was observed in E. coli isolates[7].