(2R)-Glycerol-O-β-D-galactopyranoside is a substrate for β-galactosidase, the lactose repressor, the galactose-binding protein, and the β-methylgalactoside transport system. It also serves as a substrate for the third lac operon encoded enzyme, thiogalactoside transacetylase.
5-Fluorouridine 5'-O-β-D-galactopyranoside, also known as 5'-O-β-D-galactosyl-5-fluorouridine, is a prodrug of 5-Fluorouridine. 5-Fluorouridine 5'-O-β-D-galactopyranoside can be enzymatically converted by β-D-galactosidase into 5-Fluorouridine, which is a highly effective antineoplastic agent.