4-Hydroxynonenal-BSA is a hapten-carrier protein conjugate formed by coupling 4-Hydroxynonenal to bovine serum albumin (BSA). As a hapten, 4-Hydroxynonenal alone cannot induce an immune response and must be conjugated to a large molecular protein to become a complete antigen with immunogenicity. 4-Hydroxynonenal-BSA may be supplied as a lyophilized powder or as a solution. The solution is prepared in 0.01 M PBS (pH 7.4) buffer at a typical concentration of 1 mg/mL.