triphosphate

Acyclovir (Aciclovir) 是鸟嘌呤类似物和具有口服活性的抗病毒剂。它对HSV-1(IC50为 0.85 μM)，HSV-2(IC50为 0.86 μM) 和水痘带状疱疹病毒有活性。

Cytidine 5'-diphosphate trisodium salt (CDP) 可通过尿苷单磷酸激酶 (UMPK) 催化将磷酸基从 ATP 转移到胞苷一磷酸 (CMP) 生成用于合成 DNA 和 RNA 的胞苷三磷酸。

Remdesivir triphosphate 是一种有效的病毒 RNA 依赖的 RNA 聚合酶抑制剂，对RSVRdRp 和 HCVRdRp 的IC50分别为 1.1 µM 和 5 µM。它是 Remdesivir 的活性三磷酸代谢物。

5'-GTP trisodium salt hydrate, an activator of the signal-transducing G proteins, serves as a precursor of mononucleotide units in the enzymatic biosynthesis of DNA and RNA.

Galidesivir triphosphate is a substrate for viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP), resulting in termination of viral RNA replication and thus serves as an antiviral. Galidesivir triphosphate inhibits HCV NS5B RNA polymerase activity and protects mice against Ebola. Galidesivir triphosphate (Immucillin-A triphosphate) is converted by the prodrug Galidesivir.

Guanosine-5'-triphosphate disodium salt (5'-GTP disodium salt) 是肌原性细胞分化的增强剂，也是翻译和其他重要细胞过程的能量来源。

N4-Acetylcytidine triphosphate sodium is an efficient substrate for T7 Polymerase-catalyzed in vitro transcription.

N4-Acetylcytidine triphosphate is an efficient substrate for T7 Polymerase-catalyzed in vitro transcription.

NHC-triphosphate is a weak alternative substrate for the viral polymerase and changes the mobility of the product in polyacrylamide electrophoresis gels.

GTP tritris 在细胞生理和化学过程中扮演多种关键角色，尤其在肌细胞分化及miRNA-肌肉调节因子的调控中起到增强作用。此外，它促进富含鸟苷及其衍生物的外泌体释放，并作为 RNA 合成的活化前体。在线粒体功能方面，GTP 通过协助蛋白质进入基质来启动肽合成，不仅助力甲酰甲硫氨酰-tRNA 与核糖体的结合，还推动多肽链的延长。它也作为磷酸盐及焦磷酸盐的载体，激活G蛋白信号转导路径，调节细胞的增殖与分化。GTP 的水解过程，特别是小 GTPases（如Ras与 Rho）的作用对于细胞的增殖和凋亡是必需的。同样，小 GTPase Rab 也是囊泡对接、融合与形成不可或缺的因素。GTP 不仅限于信号转导，还是 DNA 和 RNA 酶生物合成中的一个能量丰富的前体。

Uridine triphosphate (UTP) 是一种潜在用于治疗肺癌的嘌呤核苷酸P2U受体激动剂。它通过激活P2Y2受体增加人类癌变胰管上皮细胞的增殖。此外，Uridine triphosphate (UTP) 通过激活P2Y2受体，在心脏成纤维细胞中诱导纤维化反应。同时，UTP通过P2Y2嘌呤受体延长豚鼠乳头肌的动作电位时长。

Kinetin triphosphate tetrasodium(KTP tetrasodium)是Kinetin triphosphate的四钠盐形式。Kinetin triphosphate是一种ATP类似物，能够增强帕金森病相关突变体线粒体激酶PINK1(G309D) 和 PINK1(WT)的活性，对神经退行性疾病具有治疗潜力。

Clofarabine-5'-triphosphate 是Clofarabine 经由脱氧胞苷激酶 (dCK) 磷酸化形成的代谢产物。其通过抑制 DNA 合成及 DNA 修复机制，在癌细胞中展现出细胞毒性效果。

Purine riboside-5'-O-triphosphate sodium 是 Nebularine (HY -103694) 的活性代谢产物，作为 DNA 引物酶 ATP 和 GTP 聚合活性的抑制剂，其IC50值分别为 35 µM 和 28 µM。此外，Purine riboside-5'-O-triphosphate sodium 还能抑制钙调素依赖性蛋白激酶II (calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII))，其Ki值为 590 µM。

(+)-Carbovir triphosphate is an active metabolite of Abacavir. It was used to study the molecular mechanism of inhibition and drug resistance for HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.

4'-Azidothymidine 5'-triphosphate exerts selectively action on both reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and human DNA polymerases alpha and beta.

Aminoquinol triphosphate may be useful in the treatment of acute necrotising cutaneous leishmaniasis.

3'-Deoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate (3'-dUTP) is a nucleotide analogue that inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerases I and II. 3'-Deoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate strongly and competitively inhibits the incorporations of UTP into RNA with a Ki value of 2.0 μM[1]. 3'-Deoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate (3'-dUTP) is synthesized starting from cordycepin in good yield. 3'-Deoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate strongly and competitively inhibits the incorporations of UTP into RNA by the RNA polymerases. 3'-Deoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate will be useful in studies at the molecular level on the relationship of template and substrate in RNA synthesis with chromatin, isolated nuclei or permeable cells, because it does not have any effect on poly (rA) synthesis[1]. [1]. M Saneyoshi, et al. Inhibitory Effects of 3'deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate and 3'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate on DNA-dependent RNA Polymerases I and II Purified From Dictyostelium Discoideum Cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Jul 10;9(13):3129-38.

D-myo-Inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate tripotassium (Ins(1,4,5)-P3 tripotassium) 是一种可引发 Ca2+ 动员的细胞内信号转导系统中的第二信使。

D-myo-Inositol-1,4,6-phosphate (Ins(1,4,6)-P3) is a member of the inositol phosphate (InsP) family that play critical roles as small, soluble second messengers in the transmission of cellular signals. The most studied InsP, Ins(1,4,5)-P3, is a second messenger produced in cells by phospholipase C (PLC)-mediated hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate. Binding of Ins(1,4,5)-P3 to its receptor on the endoplasmic reticulum results in opening of the calcium channels and an increase in intracellular calcium. Ins(1,4,6)-P3 (tested as the meso compound) is 9-fold less potent than Ins(1,4,5)-P3 at initiating Ca2+ release when injected into Xenopus oocytes.

The inositol phosphates are a family of mono- to poly-phosphorylated compounds that act as messengers, regulating cellular functions including cell cycling, apoptosis, differentiation, andmotility. D-myo-Inositol-1,5,6-triphosphate is an intermediate compound, produced by the dephosphorylation of various inositol-tetrakisphosphate forms. The triphosphate can be further metabolized to produce inositol-biphosphate mediators. The biological roles of D-myo-inositol-1,5,6-triphosphate remain to be determined.

Ins(1,4,5)P3 is an isomer of the biologically important D-myo-inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate. Unlike its isomer, Ins(1,4,5)P3 does not evoke a rise in intracellular calcium when added to cells. It is not known if Ins(1,4,5)P3 can act as a competitive inhibitor of biologically-active inositol phosphates.

AZT triphosphate TFA (3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine-5'-triphosphate TFA) is a active triphosphate metabolite of Zidovudine (AZT). AZT triphosphate TFA exhibits antiretroviral activity and inhibits replication of HIV. AZT triphosphate TFA also inhibits the DNA polymerase of HBV. AZT triphosphate TFA activates the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway[1][2][3]. Treatment with 100 μM Zidovudine (AZT) for 48h disrupts the mitochondrial tubular network via accumulation of AZT triphosphate (AZT-TP) in H9c2 cells. AZT triphosphate accumulation causes downregulation of Opa1 and upregulation of Drp1. AZT triphosphate causes mitochondrial dysfunction, increases the production of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), and impairs the balance of the mitochondrial quality control system in H9c2 cell model established from rat embryonic myoblasts[1]. [1]. Ryosuke Nomura, et al. Azidothymidine-triphosphate Impairs Mitochondrial Dynamics by Disrupting the Quality Control System. Redox Biol. 2017 Oct;13:407-417. [2]. Takeya Sato, et al. Engineered Human tmpk/AZT as a Novel Enzyme/Prodrug Axis for Suicide Gene Therapy. Mol Ther. 2007 May;15(5):962-70. [3]. K Y Hostetler, et al. Enhanced Oral Absorption and Antiviral Activity of 1-O-octadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-acyclovir and Related Compounds in Hepatitis B Virus Infection, in Vitro. Biochem Pharmacol. 1997 Jun 15;53(12):1815-22.

2'-Deoxyadenosine-5'-triphosphate (dATP) is a purine nucleotide and derivative of the nucleic acid adenosine 5'-triphosphate .1dATP is a substrate for DNA polymerase in the synthesis of DNA.2It is a noncompetitive inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductases, which provides feedback inhibition during DNA synthesis.1dATP has commonly been used in DNA synthesis, sequencing, and labeling in research applications.3,4dATP accumulates in adenosine deaminase deficiency, a disorder characterized by mutations in the gene for adenosine deaminase, the enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of adenosine and deoxyadenosine.5 1.Berg, J.M., Tymoczko, J.L., and Stryer, L.Key steps in nucleotide biosynthesis are regulated by feedback inhibitionBiochemistry(2002) 2.Berg, J.M., Tymoczko, J.L., and Stryer, L.DNA is replicated by polymerases that take instructions from templatesBiochemistry(2002) 3.Cadwell, R.C., and Joyce, G.F.Randomization of genes by PCR mutagenesisPCR Methods Appl.2(1)28-33(1992) 4.Steffens, D.L., Jang, G.Y., Sutter, S.L., et al.An infrared fluorescent dATP for labeling DNAGenome Res.5(4)393-399(1995) 5.Flinn, A.M., and Gennery, A.R.Adenosine deaminase deficiency: A reviewOrphanet J. Rare Dis.13(1)65(2018)