short-chain

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propanoic acid (3,4-Dimethoxyhydrocinnamic acid) 是一种口服具有活力的的短链脂肪酸 (SCFAs)。它在体内能够促进 γ 球蛋白基因表达和促红细胞生成，可用于 β 血红蛋白病和其他贫血症。

Raffinose (Melitriose) 是不能够消化的短链寡糖，是由半乳糖，葡萄糖和果糖组成的三糖，能够在许多植物中找到。它能够被 α-半乳糖苷酶 (α-GAL) 水解为 D-半乳糖和蔗糖。

Argireline (Acetyl hexapeptide-3) 是可渗透皮肤的、无毒的抗皱肽。它对神经肌肉接头处依赖 Ca2+的神经递质释放具有显著的抑制作用。它具有抗皱和抗衰老的活性。

4-CMTB 是选择性的游离脂肪酸受体 2(FFA2/GPR43)的激动剂以及正变构调节剂 (pEC50=6.38)。

Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) 是合成的免疫反应肽，由 N-乙酰壁酸与 L-Ala-D-isoGln 的短氨基酸链相连。它通过MAPK 途径上调 Runx2 基因表达，直接促进成骨细胞分化，通过降低 RANKL/OPG 比值间接抑制破骨细胞分化。它是通过Runx2诱导骨形成的诱导因子，也是NLRP1激动剂。

Sodium butanoate (Sodium Butyrate) 是 butyrate 的钠盐。Butyrate 是一种短链脂肪酸，一种 I 类和 II 类组蛋白脱乙酰酶 (HDAC) 的抑制剂，与锌位点竞争性结合。Sodium butanoate 具有潜在抗肿瘤活性。

4-Methylpentanoic acid (Isocaproic Acid) 是一种短链脂肪酸 (SCFA).

Dimethylmalonic acid（2,2-Dimethylmalonic acid） 是人血清中的短链二羧酸，可用于预防或延缓鱼肌动球蛋白在冷冻缓冲溶液（pH 7）中的变性。

2-Methylbutyraldehyde (2-Ethylpropanal) 属于短链醛类化合物，白术饮片中的焦香味物质之一。

Isethionic acid sodium salt (Sodium isethionate) 是内源性代谢产物的一种。

Valerylcarnitine (VALERYL-L-CARNITINE) 是一种短链脂肪酸，可用于研究 2 型糖尿病。

DM4-SPDP, a drug-linker conjugate, integrates the antitubulin agent DM4 with the linker SMCC, facilitating the creation of antibody drug conjugates[1]. Additionally, SPDP serves as a short-chain crosslinker enabling amine-to-sulfhydryl conjugation, leveraging NHS-ester and pyridyldithiol groups to establish cleavable (reducible) disulfide bonds with cysteine sulfhydryls[2][3].

Tributyrin (Glyceryl tributyrate) 是一种中性短链脂肪酸甘油三酯，是一种稳定且吸收迅速的丁酸前药。 它通过生物膜扩散并被细胞内脂肪酶代谢，在体内将有效的丁酸直接释放到细胞中，有抗增殖、促凋亡和诱导分化作用。

6:2 Fluorotelomer alcohol (6:2 FTOH) 属于短链多氟烷基物质 (PFAS)，能在微生物作用下降解。此过程对沉积物中的细菌群落结构造成显著影响，改变了细菌的群落丰富度与多样性。

Pentanoyl Coenzyme A (pentanoyl-CoA) Free acid 是短链脂肪酰辅酶 A，也是 3-氧代丙酰辅酶 A 的代谢产物。

Isethionic acid, a major metabolite in F. cylindrus, is an organosulfur compound containing a short-chain alkane sulfonate linked to a hydroxyl group. It is a water-soluble liquid for the manufacture of mild, biodegradable, and high-foaming anionic surfac

Tigloyl-L-carnitine (chloride) 是一种短链酰基肉碱，由顺丁烯二酸和 L-肉碱组成。在某些黑色素瘤异种移植小鼠模型中，这种化合物在血浆中的含量会增加，可用于黑色素瘤研究。

(±)-Propionylcarnitine chloride (Propionyl-DL-carnitine chloride) 是一种短链酰基肉碱的混合物，可用作膳食补充剂，可用于研究慢性糖尿病。

Octanoic Acid-13C is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of octanoic acid by GC- or LC-MS. Octanoic acid is a medium-chain saturated fatty acid. It has been found in Teleme cheeses made from goat,ovine,or bovine milk.1 Octanoic acid is active against the bacteria S. mutans,S. gordonii,F. nucleatum,and P. gingivalis (IC80s = <125,<125,1,403,and 2,294 μM,respectively).2 Levels of octanoic acid are increased in the plasma of patients with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD)deficiency,an inborn error of fatty acid metabolism characterized by hypoketotic hypoglycemia,medium-chain dicarboxylic aciduria,and intolerance to fasting.3,4

C8 Galactosylceramide is a synthetic C8 short-chain derivative of known membrane microdomain-forming sphingolipids. It increases the amount delivered and toxicity of doxorubicin in cancerous but not non-cancerous cells when incorporated into the nanoliposomal membrane of nanoliposomal-doxorubicin. C8 Galactosylceramide induces proliferation and cytokine production by splenocytes in vitro at concentrations ranging from 100-1,000 ng/ml but has no effect on natural killer T cell production in vivo. It also activates NF-κB production in C6 glioma cells when used at a concentration of 10 μM.

Isobutyryl coenzyme A (isobutyryl-CoA) is a short-chain branched acyl CoA. Isobutyryl-CoA is a substrate for isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (IBDH) in the catabolism of valine and an intermediate in the synthesis of isobutyryl-L-carnitine , which accumulates in IBDH deficiency.

Norhyodeoxycholic acid (NHDCA) is a synthetic bile acid and a derivative of hyodeoxycholic acid .1,2 NHDCA is an intermediate in the synthesis of 3β-sulfooxy-7β-hydroxy-24-nor-5-cholen-23-oic acid, which has been used as an internal standard for the quantification of δ5-bile acid conjugates that have been identified in patients with Niemann-Pick disease type C1.3 |1. Schteingart, C.D., and Hofmann, A.F. Synthesis of 24-nor-5β-cholan-23-oic acid derivatives: A convenient and efficient one-carbon degradation of the side chain of natural bile acids. J. Lipid Res. 29(10), 1387-1395 (1988).|2. Une, M., and Hoshita, T. Natural occurrence and chemical synthesis of bile alcohols, higher bile acids, and short side chain bile acids. Hiroshima J. Med. Sci. 43(2), 37-67 (1994).|3. Kakiyama, G., Muto, A., Shimada, M., et al. Chemical synthesis of 3β-sulfooxy-7β-hydroxy-24-nor-5-cholenoic acid: An internal standard for mass spectrometric analysis of the abnormal δ5-bile acids occurring in Niemann-Pick disease. Steroids 74(9), 766-772 (2009).

C18 3'-sulfo Galactosylceramide is a member of the sulfatide class of glycolipids. Levels of short-chain sulfatides, including C18 3'-sulfo galactosylceramide, decrease with age in mice and humans. It is increased in brain from mice with an arylsulfatase A deficiency (ASA-KO), particularly in lipid raft fractions. Plasma levels of C18 3'-sulfo galactosylceramide positively correlate with disability progression in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis using the Expanded Disability Status Scale. It is also increased in plasma from patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD).

Valeryl-L-carnitine is a short-chain acylcarnitine and a derivative of L-carnitine . Valeryl-L-carnitine levels increase in the serum of rhesus monkeys following exposure to 7 and 10 Gray units (Gy) of ionizing radiation.[1]