short-chain

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propanoic acid (3,4-Dimethoxyhydrocinnamic acid) 是一种口服具有活力的的短链脂肪酸 (SCFAs)。它在体内能够促进 γ 球蛋白基因表达和促红细胞生成，可用于 β 血红蛋白病和其他贫血症。

Raffinose (Melitriose) 是不能够消化的短链寡糖，是由半乳糖，葡萄糖和果糖组成的三糖，能够在许多植物中找到。它能够被 α-半乳糖苷酶 (α-GAL) 水解为 D-半乳糖和蔗糖。

Argireline (Acetyl hexapeptide-3) 是可渗透皮肤的、无毒的抗皱肽。它对神经肌肉接头处依赖 Ca2+的神经递质释放具有显著的抑制作用。它具有抗皱和抗衰老的活性。

4-CMTB 是选择性的游离脂肪酸受体 2(FFA2/GPR43)的激动剂以及正变构调节剂 (pEC50=6.38)。

Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) 是合成的免疫反应肽，由 N-乙酰壁酸与 L-Ala-D-isoGln 的短氨基酸链相连。它通过MAPK 途径上调 Runx2 基因表达，直接促进成骨细胞分化，通过降低 RANKL/OPG 比值间接抑制破骨细胞分化。它是通过Runx2诱导骨形成的诱导因子，也是NLRP1激动剂。

Sodium butanoate (Sodium Butyrate) 是 butyrate 的钠盐。Butyrate 是一种短链脂肪酸，一种 I 类和 II 类组蛋白脱乙酰酶 (HDAC) 的抑制剂，与锌位点竞争性结合。Sodium butanoate 具有潜在抗肿瘤活性。

4-Methylpentanoic acid (Isocaproic Acid) 是一种短链脂肪酸 (SCFA).

Dimethylmalonic acid（2,2-Dimethylmalonic acid） 是人血清中的短链二羧酸，可用于预防或延缓鱼肌动球蛋白在冷冻缓冲溶液（pH 7）中的变性。

2-Methylbutyraldehyde (2-Ethylpropanal) 属于短链醛类化合物，白术饮片中的焦香味物质之一。

Isethionic acid sodium salt (Sodium isethionate) 是内源性代谢产物的一种。

Valerylcarnitine (VALERYL-L-CARNITINE) 是一种短链脂肪酸，可用于研究 2 型糖尿病。

DM4-SPDP, a drug-linker conjugate, integrates the antitubulin agent DM4 with the linker SMCC, facilitating the creation of antibody drug conjugates[1]. Additionally, SPDP serves as a short-chain crosslinker enabling amine-to-sulfhydryl conjugation, leveraging NHS-ester and pyridyldithiol groups to establish cleavable (reducible) disulfide bonds with cysteine sulfhydryls[2][3].

Tributyrin (Glyceryl tributyrate) 是一种中性短链脂肪酸甘油三酯，是一种稳定且吸收迅速的丁酸前药。 它通过生物膜扩散并被细胞内脂肪酶代谢，在体内将有效的丁酸直接释放到细胞中，有抗增殖、促凋亡和诱导分化作用。

6:2 Fluorotelomer alcohol (6:2 FTOH) 属于短链多氟烷基物质 (PFAS)，能在微生物作用下降解。此过程对沉积物中的细菌群落结构造成显著影响，改变了细菌的群落丰富度与多样性。

Pentanoyl Coenzyme A (pentanoyl-CoA) Free acid 是短链脂肪酰辅酶 A，也是 3-氧代丙酰辅酶 A 的代谢产物。

Isethionic acid, a major metabolite in F. cylindrus, is an organosulfur compound containing a short-chain alkane sulfonate linked to a hydroxyl group. It is a water-soluble liquid for the manufacture of mild, biodegradable, and high-foaming anionic surfac

(±)-Propionylcarnitine chloride (Propionyl-DL-carnitine chloride) 是一种短链酰基肉碱的混合物，可用作膳食补充剂，可用于研究慢性糖尿病。

Octanoic acid-13C is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of octanoic acid by GC- or LC-MS. Octanoic acid is a medium-chain saturated fatty acid. It has been found in Teleme cheeses made from goat, ovine, or bovine milk.1 Octanoic acid is active against the bacteria S. mutans, S. gordonii, F. nucleatum, and P. gingivalis (IC80s = <125, <125, 1,403, and 2,294 μM, respectively).2 Levels of octanoic acid are increased in the plasma of patients with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency, an inborn error of fatty acid metabolism characterized by hypoketotic hypoglycemia, medium-chain dicarboxylic aciduria, and intolerance to fasting.3,4 |1. Mallatou, H., Pappa, E., and Massouras, T. Changes in free fatty acids during ripening of Teleme cheese made with ewes', goats', cows' or a mixture of ewes' and goats' milk. Int. Dairy J. 13(1-3), 211-219 (2003).|2. Hyang, C.B., Alimova, Y., Myers, T.M., et al. Short- and medium-chain fatty acids exhibit antimicrobial activity for oral microorganisms. Arch. Oral Biol. 56(7), 650-654 (2011).|3. Onkenhout, W., Venizelos, V., van der Poel, P.F.H., et al. Identification and quantification of intermediates of unsaturated fatty acid metabolism in plasma of patients with fatty acid oxidation disorders. Clin. Chem. 41(10), 1467-1474 (1995).|4. Rinaldo, P., O'Shea, J.J., Coates, P.M., et al. Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Diagnosis by stable-isotope dilution measurement of urinary n-hexanoylglycine and 3-phenylpropionylglycine. N. Engl. J. Med. 319(20), 1308-1313 (1988).

C8 Galactosylceramide is a synthetic C8 short-chain derivative of known membrane microdomain-forming sphingolipids. It increases the amount delivered and toxicity of doxorubicin in cancerous but not non-cancerous cells when incorporated into the nanoliposomal membrane of nanoliposomal-doxorubicin. C8 Galactosylceramide induces proliferation and cytokine production by splenocytes in vitro at concentrations ranging from 100-1,000 ng/ml but has no effect on natural killer T cell production in vivo. It also activates NF-κB production in C6 glioma cells when used at a concentration of 10 μM.

Isobutyryl coenzyme A (isobutyryl-CoA) is a short-chain branched acyl CoA. Isobutyryl-CoA is a substrate for isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (IBDH) in the catabolism of valine and an intermediate in the synthesis of isobutyryl-L-carnitine , which accumulates in IBDH deficiency.

Norhyodeoxycholic acid (NHDCA) is a synthetic bile acid and a derivative of hyodeoxycholic acid .1,2 NHDCA is an intermediate in the synthesis of 3β-sulfooxy-7β-hydroxy-24-nor-5-cholen-23-oic acid, which has been used as an internal standard for the quantification of δ5-bile acid conjugates that have been identified in patients with Niemann-Pick disease type C1.3 |1. Schteingart, C.D., and Hofmann, A.F. Synthesis of 24-nor-5β-cholan-23-oic acid derivatives: A convenient and efficient one-carbon degradation of the side chain of natural bile acids. J. Lipid Res. 29(10), 1387-1395 (1988).|2. Une, M., and Hoshita, T. Natural occurrence and chemical synthesis of bile alcohols, higher bile acids, and short side chain bile acids. Hiroshima J. Med. Sci. 43(2), 37-67 (1994).|3. Kakiyama, G., Muto, A., Shimada, M., et al. Chemical synthesis of 3β-sulfooxy-7β-hydroxy-24-nor-5-cholenoic acid: An internal standard for mass spectrometric analysis of the abnormal δ5-bile acids occurring in Niemann-Pick disease. Steroids 74(9), 766-772 (2009).

C18 3'-sulfo Galactosylceramide is a member of the sulfatide class of glycolipids. Levels of short-chain sulfatides, including C18 3'-sulfo galactosylceramide, decrease with age in mice and humans. It is increased in brain from mice with an arylsulfatase A deficiency (ASA-KO), particularly in lipid raft fractions. Plasma levels of C18 3'-sulfo galactosylceramide positively correlate with disability progression in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis using the Expanded Disability Status Scale. It is also increased in plasma from patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD).

Valeryl-L-carnitine is a short-chain acylcarnitine and a derivative of L-carnitine . Valeryl-L-carnitine levels increase in the serum of rhesus monkeys following exposure to 7 and 10 Gray units (Gy) of ionizing radiation.[1]

Chitotetraose tetrahydrochloride is a short-chain chitin oligomer derived from arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. This compound effectively activates the conserved symbiosis signaling pathway (CSSP) in actinorhizal plant species.