protease activated receptor 4

Protease-Activated Receptor-4 是蛋白酶激活受体 4 激动剂，具有抗血小板治疗。

Protease-Activated Receptor-4 diTFA 是蛋白酶激活受体 4 (PAR4) 激动剂。

BMS-986141(UDM-003183) 是一种具有口服活性的选择性和高效性的凝血酶受体蛋白酶激活受体-4 (protease-activated receptor-4 (PAR-4)) 拮抗剂，其 IC50 值为 0.4 nM。BMS-98614 表现出显著的抗血栓作用。

GB-110 hydrochloride selectively induces PAR2-mediated intracellular Ca2+ release in HT29 cells with an EC50 of 0.28 μM. GB-110 hydrochloride is a potent, orally active, and nonpeptidic protease activated receptor 2 (PAR2) agonist.

BMS-986120 is a first-in-class oral and reversible protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4) antagonist. With IC50s of 9.5 nM and 2.1 nM in human and monkey blood, respectively. BMS-986120 has potent and selective antiplatelet effects[1][2].

UDM-001651 is an effective and orally bioavailable protease-activated receptor 4 antagonists (IC50=4 nM; Kd=1.4 nM). UDM-001651 displays antiplatelet potency (IC50=25 nM) in a γ-thrombin-induced platelet-rich plasma aggregation assay.

PAR4 antagonist3 (Compound 36) 是一种选择性蛋白酶激活受体4 (PAR4) 拮抗剂，表现出抗血小板活性，IC50为26.1 nM。此外，该化合物在人肝微粒体中的代谢稳定性有所提高，半衰期为97.6分钟。

PAR4 antagonist4 (Compound 37) 是一种蛋白酶激活受体4 (PAR4) 的选择性拮抗剂，具有抗血小板作用，其IC50为14.2 nM。此外，PAR4 antagonist3 提高了在人肝微粒体中的代谢稳定性，其T1/2为42.5分钟。

PAR4 antagonist 2 (Compound 31) 是一种蛋白酶激活受体 4 (PAR4) 拮抗剂，对人类PAR4和小鼠PAR4的IC50值分别为95 nM和367 nM。PAR4 antagonist 2 能够通过天然蛋白酶凝血酶的裂解作用抑制PAR4的激活，但对合成的PAR4激动剂肽 AYPGKF 无效。

PAR2 (1-6) amide is a synthetic peptide agonist of proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) that corresponds to residues 1-6 of the amino terminal tethered ligand sequence of human PAR2 and residues 37-42 of the full-length sequence.1It binds to NCTC 2544 cells expressing human PAR2 (Ki= 9.64 μM in a radioligand binding assay) and induces calcium mobilization in the same cells (EC50= 0.075 μM).2PAR2 (1-6) amide (100 μM) reduces colony formation of A549 lung cancer cells.1It induces superoxide production and degranulation in isolated human eosinophils when used at a concentration of 500 μM.3PAR2 (1-6) amide (5 μmol/kg) induces tear secretion in rats when used in combination with amastatin .4 1.Bohm, S.K., Kong, W., Bromme, D., et al.Molecular cloning, expression and potential functions of the human proteinase-activated receptor-2Biochem. J.314(Pt 3)1009-1016(1996) 2.Kanke, T., Ishiwata, H., Kabeya, M., et al.Binding of a highly potent protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) activating peptide, [3H]2-furoyl-LIGRL-NH2, to human PAR2Br. J. Pharmacol.145(2)255-263(2005) 3.Miike, S., McWilliam, A.S., and Kita, H.Trypsin induces activation and inflammatory mediator release from human eosinophils through protease-activated receptor-2J. Immunol.167(11)6615-6622(2001) 4.Nishikawa, H., Kawai, K., Tanaka, M., et al.Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2)-related peptides induce tear secretion in rats: Involvement of PAR-2 and non-PAR-2 mechanismsJ. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.312(2)324-331(2005)

RWJ-56110 dihydrochloride is a potent, selective, peptide-mimetic inhibitor of PAR-1 activation and internalization (binding IC50=0.44 uM) and shows no effect on PAR-2, PAR-3, or PAR-4. RWJ-56110 dihydrochloride inhibits the aggregation of human platelets induced by both SFLLRN-NH2 (IC50=0.16 μM) and thrombin (IC50=0.34 μM), quite selective relative to U46619 . RWJ-56110 dihydrochloride blocks angiogenesis and blocks the formation of new vessels in vivo. RWJ-56110 dihydrochloride induces cell apoptosis[1][2]. Proteinase-activated receptors (PARs) are a family of G protein-coupled receptors activated by the proteolytic cleavage of their N-terminal extracellular domain, exposing a new amino terminal sequence that functions as a tethered ligand to activate the receptors.RWJ56110 inhibits the aggregation of human platelets induced by both SFLLRN-NH2 (IC50=0.16 μM) and thrombin (IC50=0.34 μM) while being quite selective relative to collagen and the thromboxane mimetic U46619 [1].RWJ-56110 dihydrochloride is fully inhibits thrombin-induced RASMC proliferation with an IC50 value of 3.5 μM. RWJ-56110 dihydrochloride shows blockade of thrombin's action with RASMC calcium mobilization (IC50=0.12 μM), as well as with HMVEC (IC50=0.13 μM) and HASMC calcium mobilization (IC50=0.17 μM)[1].RWJ56110 (0.1-10 μM; 24-96 hours) inhibits endothelial cell growth dose-dependently, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration of RWJ56110 is approximately 10 μM[2].RWJ56110 (0.1-10 μM; 6 hours) inhibits DNA synthesis of endothelial cells in a thymidine incorporation assays. Endothelial cells are in fast-growing state (50-60% confluence), RWJ56110 inhibits cell DNA synthesis in a dose-dependent manner, but when cells that are in the quiescent state (100% confluent), the inhibitory effect of PAR-1 antagonists is much less pronounced[2].RWJ56110 (0.1-10 μM; pretreatment for 15 min) inhibits thrombin-induced Erk1/2 activation in a concentration-dependent manner. However, when endothelial cells are stimulated by FBS (final concentration 4%), it reduces partially the activated levels of Erk1/2[2].RWJ56110 (30 μM; 24 hours) has an inhibitory effect on endothelial cell cycle progression. It reduces the percentage of cells in the S phase, while alterations in the percentages of G1 and G2/M cells are less pronounced[2]. Western Blot Analysis[2] Cell Line: Endothelial cells [1]. Andrade-Gordon, et al.Design, synthesis, and biological characterization of a peptide-mimetic antagonist for a tethered-ligand receptor. oc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Oct 26;96(22):12257-62. [2]. Panagiota Zania, et al. Blockade of angiogenesis by small molecule antagonists to protease-activated receptor-1: association with endothelial cell growth suppression and induction of apoptosis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006 Jul;318(1):246-54.

GYPGQV TFA (PAR 4 (1-6) TFA) 是一种六肽，作为蛋白酶激活受体 4 (PAR4) 片段，能特异性抑制PAR4。

PAR-4 Agonist Peptide, amide (AY-NH2) 是蛋白酶激活受体 4 (PAR-4) 的激动剂，对 PAR-1 或 PAR-2 均无影响，其作用可被 PAR-4 拮抗剂阻断。

SFNGGP-NH2是一种具有生物活性的肽。PAR-3是一种与凝血酶高亲和力结合的受体，其mRNA在人类皮肤肥大细胞中得到表达。研究指出，蛋白酶激活受体（PAR）在瘙痒反应中的作用涉及组胺依赖性及独立途径。虽然PAR-3本身不直接诱发瘙痒，却可能与PAR-4共同促发此症状。它们的共同表达可增强凝血酶的效应，这表明PAR-3单独时不进行跨膜信号传导，而是作为激活PAR-4的协同因子。

Ala-parafluoroPhe-Arg-Cha-Cit-Tyr-NH2是一类具有生物活性的肽，作为蛋白酶激活受体1 (PAR-1) 的选择性激动剂，其特异性优于PAR-2。该肽通过HEK293细胞进行的基于细胞的钙信号传导测定确认了其对PAR-1的高特异性，并可用于研究PAR-1在体内的激活。PAR-1除了介导凝血酶的多种细胞作用外，还与PAR-4协作，参与调控凝血酶诱导的被分类为“凝血型”的肝细胞癌。

PAR-4 Agonist Peptide, amide TFA (PAR-4-AP (TFA)) 是一种蛋白酶激活受体 4 (PAR-4) 激动剂，对 PAR-1 或 PAR-2 均无影响，其作用可被 PAR-4 拮抗剂阻断。

PAR-4 (1-6) amide human 是一个代表蛋白酶激活受体 4 (PAR4) N 末端片段的化学化合物。此化合物能够诱导血小板聚集。

P4pal10 TFA 是 P4pal10 的三氟乙酸(TFA) 盐状态.作为蛋白酶激活受体 4 (PAR4) 的拮抗剂,它能有效地抑制血小板的聚集以及组织因子 (TF) 诱导的凝血酶生成,展示出显著的抗凝和抗血栓效果.此外,P4pal10 TFA 在减轻 Carrageenan 诱发的水肿和粒细胞浸润方面表现出良好的活性,并能改善大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注 (I/R) 模型中的组织损伤.

RAG8 peptide 是蛋白酶激活受体 4 (PAR 4) 的拮抗剂，能够抑制晚期血小板活化，减少血栓形成，同时不改变止血功能或增加出血风险。RAG8 peptide 可用于动脉粥样硬化研究。