granulocytes

MLS-573151 是 GTPase Cdc42 的选择性抑制剂，EC50 为 2 μM。它通过阻止 GTP 与 Cdc42 的结合来发挥作用。

Sodium caseinates 是存在于牛奶中的蛋白，能够诱导粒细胞增殖和活化，可诱导小鼠粒细胞生成。Sodium caseinates 可作为增稠剂和乳化剂，常用于食品工业。

Amelubant (BIIL 284) is a prodrug of active metabolites BIIL 260 and BIIL 315 and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. It is a potent, oral, long-acting LTB4 receptor antagonist with negligible binding to the receptor, displaying Kis of 221 nM and 230 nM.

Gea 3162 is a potent inhibitor of ADP-induced platelet aggregation in platelet rich plasma (PRP). GEA 3162 stimulates cGMP production in granulocytes, platelets, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

Lipoxygenin is an inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) with an IC50value of 5 μM for inhibition of 5-LO product synthesis in isolated human granulocytes stimulated with the cation ionophore A23187 .1It inhibits hedgehog-dependent signaling in Shh-LIGHT2 cells and TGF-β-, activin A-, bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-, or Wnt-dependent signaling in HEK293T cells (IC50s = 9.3, 3.2, 8.2, 9.6, and 3.7 μM, respectively, in luciferase reporter assays). Lipoxygenin (5 and 10 μM) increases levels of troponin T (TnnT), a marker of cardiomyocyte differentiation, in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) stimulated with BMP4 and the glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) inhibitor CHIR99021 .

LL-37 is a cationic and α-helical antimicrobial peptide expressed in human bone marrow, testis, granulocytes, and gingival epithelium and is upregulated in psoriatic lesions. It inhibits growth of Gram-positive E. coli D21 and Gram-negative B. megatarium in a concentration-dependent manner and LL-37 expression is induced in A549 epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, and monocyte-derived macrophages following M. tuberculosis infection. LL-37 binds sheep erythrocytes coated with S. minnesota Re-LPS and induces agglutination with a minimal agglutinating concentration (MAC) of 12.1 μg/ml. It is a chemoattractant for, and can induce calcium mobilization in, human monocytes, neutrophils, and T cells that naturally express formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1) and FPRL1-transfected HEK293 cells. LL-37 (10-15 μM) pretreatment of dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) reduces its infectivity as well as levels of viral genomic RNA and NS1 antigen. In vivo, LL-37 inhibits cecal ligation and puncture-induced caspase-1 activation and pyroptosis of peritoneal macrophages, reduces levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and improves survival in polybacterial septic mice.

CAP18 (rabbit) is a 37 amino acid antimicrobial peptide derived from rabbit granulocytes. It exhibits extensive antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive (IC50, 130-200 nM) and Gram-negative (IC50, 20-100 nM) bacteria. Thus, CAP18 (rabbit) holds promise for the study and advancement of bacterial sepsis research.

Atuzabrutinib (SAR 444727) 是一种选择性布鲁顿酪氨酸激酶 （Btk） 抑制剂，通过抑制粘附受体信号通路来抑制中性粒细胞内，可用于研究流啮齿动物关节炎和寻常型天疱疮等自身免疫性疾病。

1-Methyl-2-nonylquinolin-4(1H)-one has anti-inflammatory activity, it exhibits inhibitory activity on leukotriene biosynthesis in a bioassay using human polymorphonuclear granulocytes, with IC50 values of 12.1 microM.

(Z)-1-Methyl-2-(undec-6-enyl)quinolin-4(1H)-one shows strong inhibitory activity on leukotriene biosynthesis in human polymorphonuclear granulocytes, and it is very effective against mycobacteria.

Secretoneurin, rat acetate 是一种 33 个氨基酸的多肽，由分泌粒蛋白 II (SgII) 的蛋白水解加工产生。它在体内和体外诱导大鼠纹状体中的多巴胺释放，它对单核细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞有很强的趋化作用，但对粒细胞没有。