bone cancer

Lumiracoxib (Prexige) 是强选择性有口服活性的 COX-2抑制剂，Ki 值为 0.06 μM。它是非选择性非甾体抗炎试剂，具有抗炎和解热活性，可用于骨关节炎和骨癌研究。

(-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) 属于茶类黄酮天然产物，可抑制 EGFR 信号传导，抑制 GLUD 1/2。(-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate 具有抗氧化、抗炎和抗肿瘤活性。(-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate 可以通过激活细胞色素 c 氧化酶来诱导氧化磷酸化。

MBC-11 通过将阿糖胞苷和依替膦酸盐浓缩在疾病部位来靶向癌症的偶联物。MBC-11 可溶用于研究肿瘤诱发的骨病。

CID-5056270具有抗癌活性，对肺癌肛门癌、膀胱癌、宫颈癌、外阴癌、阴茎癌、伯基特淋巴瘤乳腺癌和骨癌具有抑制作用，可用来研究高血压、老年痴呆症度、阿尔茨海默病和动脉硬化。

ERG240 是支链氨基酸转氨酶 1 (BCAT1) 抑制剂。ERG240 有潜力用于癌症、类风湿性关节炎和骨病相关研究。

Isoquercetin (3-Glucosylquercetin) 是天然存在的多酚，具有抗氧化，抗增殖和抗炎特性。它通过调节核因子-κB 转录调节系统调节一氧化氮合酶 2 的表达。它通过 Nrf2/ARE 抗氧化剂信号传导途径减轻乙醇诱导的肝毒性，氧化应激和炎症反应。它具有高生物利用度和低毒性，是预防糖尿病妊娠出生缺陷的有希望的候选药物。

(-)-(S)-Equol (4',7-Dihydroxyisoflavan) 是雌激素受体β的高亲和力配体。

Zoledronic Acid (ZOL 446) 是一种含氮二磷酸盐，能抑制破骨细胞的分化和凋亡，具有高效的抗骨质再吸收活性，也有抗癌作用。

Soy Isoflavone 是从豆科植物的种子中提取的。大豆中的异黄酮是天然植物雌激素，具有很好的药用价值，可以降低女性乳腺癌的发病率，缓解更年期症状，增加骨密度。

Poncirin (Isosakuranetin-7-neohesperidoside) 是从三叶草中分离出来的一种天然产物，具有抗炎活性。 它防止脂肪生成，增强间充质干细胞中的成骨细胞分化，增加骨矿物质密度，改善小梁微结构，可能反映 GIO 小鼠的骨形成增加和骨吸收减少。

Gelsemine (Gelsemin) 是一种从中草药 Gelsemium elegans 中获得的生物碱，具有抗伤害和促进睡眠活性，可有效缓解慢性疼痛。

Pipobroman (Vercyte) 是一种烷基化剂，是哌嗪的溴化衍生物。它通过抑制 DNA 和 RNA 聚合酶或减少嘧啶核苷酸掺入 DNA 发挥其作用。它在真性红细胞增多症和原发性血小板增多症中具有良好的临床活性，可用于癌症研究。

KM02894 是一种谷氨酸释放抑制剂。癌细胞释放高水平的谷氨酸，能够破坏正常的骨转换，这可能导致癌症引起的骨痛。KM02894 可用于研究肿瘤相关疾病。

Otenaproxesul (ATB 346) 是一种具有口服活性的非甾体抗炎药，可抑制环氧合酶-1 和 2，具有抗炎生物活性，可用于缓解疼痛的研究。

Raloxifene (LY139481) 是一种选择性雌激素受体调节剂，在某些位点展现出雌激素激动剂作用和雌激素拮抗剂，具有抗病毒活性，可用于研究埃博拉病毒、甲型流感病毒和丙型肝炎病毒感染。

DMH2 is an antagonist of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptor. It acts by decreasing growth and inducing cell death of lung cancer cell lines.

Hepln-13 是具有口服活性的Hepsin 抑制剂(IC50:0.33 µM)。它可用于研究转移性前列腺癌。

Mitolactol is an alkylating antineoplastic toxic to bone marrow; utilized in breast cancer, also in combination with other drugs. Mitolactol is able to cross bloodbrain barrier, consequently could control certain brain tumors.

Incadronate Disodium is a bone resorption inhibitor. Incadronate disodium inhibits macrophage migration to site of inflammation in vivo and proliferation and causes apoptosis in cancer cells in vitro.

p-SCN-Bn-HOPO is an excellent bifunctional chelating agent for (89)Zr ImmunoPET, with low background, good tumor-organ contrast, and importantly, very low bone uptake for BT474 breast cancer imaging.

Neuromedin U (NMU) is a neuropeptide first demonstrated to drive smooth muscle contraction.1Translated as a 174 amino acid propeptide, NMU is cleaved to different lengths in different animals. It has diverse receptor-mediated rolesin vivo, as it regulates feeding, vasoconstriction, nociception, and bone remodeling and contributes to obesity, cancer and septic shock.2,2NMU-25 is the active form of NMU in humans. It binds with high affinity to receptors on human left ventricle and coronary artery (KDs = 0.26 and 0.11 nM, respectively), eliciting endothelium-independent vasoconstriction.3NMU-25 also suppresses glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in human islets, and this effect is lost in NMU R165W mutants, resulting in early-onset obesity.4 1.Mitchell, J.D., Maguire, J.J., and Davenport, A.P.Emerging pharmacology and physiology of neuromedin U and the structurally related peptide neuromedin SBritish Journal of Pharmacology15887-103(2009) 2.Greenwood, H.C., Bloom, S.R., and Murphy, K.G.Peptides and their potential role in the treatment of diabetes and obesityRev.Diabet.Stud.8(3)355-368(2011) 3.Mitchell, J.D., Maguire, J.J., Kuc, R.E., et al.Expression and vasoconstrictor function of anorexigenic peptides neuromedin U-25 and S in the human cardiovascular systemCardiovascular Research81353-361(2009) 4.Alfa, R.W., Park, S., Skelly, K.R., et al.Suppression of insulin production and secretion by a decretin hormoneCell Metabolism21(2)323-333(2015)

Osteocalcin (1-49) is a non-collagenous peptide that is secreted by osteoblasts and odontoblasts and comprises 1-2% of the total protein in bone. Secretion of osteocalcin (1-49) is stimulated by 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D and plasma levels increase in diseases that induce dysregulated bone turnover such as osteoporosis, Paget's disease, and primary hyperparathyroidism. Osteocalcin (1-49) is positively correlated with insulin sensitivity and negatively correlated with high blood glucose levels in women. In vitro, osteocalcin induces chemotaxis of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, human peripheral blood monocytes, and rat osteosarcoma cells with osteoblast-like characteristics. It is also expressed by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) displaying an osteoblast-like phenotype and has been positively associated with calcification of aortic tissue and heart valves in humans.

17β-hydroxy Exemestane is the primary active metabolite of exemestane . It is formed by metabolism of exemestane by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms CYP1A and CYP4A11. 17β-hydroxy Exemestane is an aromatase inhibitor (IC50 = 69 nM using human placental microsomes) and an androgen receptor (AR) agonist (IC50 = 39.6 nM) that is selective for AR over estrogen receptor α (ERα; IC50 = 21.2 μM). It stimulates growth of AR- and ERα-positive MCF-7 (EC50 = 2.7 μM) and T47D breast cancer cells (EC50s = 0.43 and 1,500 nM for AR- and ER-mediated growth, respectively) and inhibits proliferation of testosterone-treated aromatase-overexpressing MCF-7aro cells in a concentration-dependent manner. 17β-hydroxy Exemestane (20 mg/kg) inhibits increases in serum cholesterol and LDL levels and prevents decreases in bone mineral density in the lumbar vertebrae and femur, as well as femoral bending strength and compressive strength of the fifth lumbar vertebrae, in ovariectomized rats.

JAK2 inhibitor (IC50 = 397 nM). Also inhibits STAT3 and STAT5 phosphorylation. Inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in cells expressing the JAK2V617F mutation. Manshouri et al (2011) Bone marrow stroma-secreted cytokines protect JAK2(V617F)-mutated cells from the effects of a JAK2 inhibitor. Cancer Res. 71 3831 PMID:21512135 |Quintás-Cardama et al (2011) Preclinical characterization of atiprimod, a novel JAK2 AND JAK3 inhibitor. Invest.New Drugs 29 818 PMID:20372971