D-Thyroxine exhibits a diverse range of biological activities, making it a potent candidate for multiple therapeutic applications. It inhibits the rat liver nuclear L-triiodothyronine receptor with an IC50 of 35.0 nM and the rat plasma membrane L-triiodothyronine receptor with an IC50 of 2500.0 nM in vitro. Additionally, it displaces [3H]L-689560 from the NMDA receptor glycine site in rat brain membranes with an IC50 of 330.0 nM. D-Thyroxine also inhibits transthyretin amyloidosis by preventing fibril formation and demonstrates moderate activity in stabilizing urea-induced transthyretin dissociation.
It exerts various bioactivities, including modulation of Lamin A splicing (potency of 89.1 nM), inhibition of HSD17B4 (IC50 of 12589.3 nM), interaction inhibition between thyroid hormone receptor and steroid receptor coregulator 2 (potency of 5.6 nM), and competition for the Menin-MLL interaction in MLL related leukemias (potency of 12589.3 nM). The compound also inhibits Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate Aldolase from Giardia Lamblia (IC50 of 19905.4 nM), HADH2 (potency of 15848.9 nM), and affects enzymes such as Cytochrome P450 2C9 (IC50 of 6309.6 nM) and Cytochrome P450 1A2 (potency of 15848.93 nM). It blocks the interaction between CBF-beta and RUNX1 for treating Acute Myeloid Leukemia (potency of 11220.2 nM) and inhibits Marburg Virus entry into cells (potency of 22296.9 nM).
D-Thyroxine also inhibits the uptake of 3,3',5-triiodothyronine and thyroxine in Xenopus laevis oocytes, with inhibition activities of 21.0% and 76.0%, respectively. It also inhibits the uptake of L-T4 in Oatp14-expressing HEK293 cells with a Ki value of 270.0 nM.
In terms of toxicity, it exhibits moderate liver toxicity with hepatotoxicity observed in 40.2% of cases based on clinical trial data, but no acute liver toxicity or other severe liver conditions such as cytolytic hepatitis, cirrhosis, or liver tumors were noted.
The compound shows binding affinity and activity in various in vitro assays targeting a wide array of receptors and enzymes. These include a range of receptors such as HRH2, DRD1, ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3, OPRK1, CHRNA4, HTR2C, ADRA1A, SLC6A3, HRH1, HTR1A, HTR2A, and CNR1. It functions as both an agonist and antagonist at receptors like DRD1, CHRM2, HTR1A, ADRA1A, ADRA2A, HTR2A, HTR2B, and CNR1 in in vitro cell-based assays, and it inhibits certain enzymes including PDE4D and MAOA. This broad spectrum of interactions suggests significant pharmaceutical potential that could be explored further..
Note: Summary generated by AI. Data source: ChEMBL 