linoleic acid

Linoleic acid (9,12-octadecadienoic acid) 是一种天然的多不饱和脂肪酸，存在于动植物油中。Linoleic acid 是一种必需脂肪酸，是膜磷脂的一部分。

Conjugated linoleic acid, a naturally occurring fatty acid, is present in ruminant meat and dairy products and is produced by a bio-hydrogenation process in the rumen. In this case, the predominant isomer formed is 9cis, 11trans.

9(Z),11(E)-Conjugated linoleic acid is an isomer of linoleic acid that has been found in beef and milk fat.1It binds to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα; IC50= 140 nM) and activates the receptor in a reporter assay using COS-1 cells expressing mouse PPARα when used at a concentration of 100 μM.29(Z),11(E)-Conjugated linoleic acid inhibits TNF-α-inducedGLUT4expression and increases insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.3Dietary administration of 9(Z)11(E)-conjugated linoleic acid reduces serum fasting glucose, insulin, and triglyceride levels and decreases white adipose tissue macrophage infiltration inob obmice. It also increases body weight gain and body fat in weanling mice.4[Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1278] 1.Shultz, T.D., Chew, B.P., Seaman, W.R., et al.Inhibitory effect of conjugated dienoic derivatives of linoleic acid and β-carotene on the in vitro growth of human cancer cellsCancer Lett.63(2)125-133(1992) 2.Moya-Camarena, S.Y., Heuvel, J.P.V., Blanchard, S.G., et al.Conjugated linoleic acid is a potent naturally occurring ligand and activator of PPARαJ. Lipid Res.40(8)1426-1433(1999) 3.Moloney, F., Toomey, S., Noone, E., et al.Antidiabetic effects of cis-9, trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid may be mediated via anti-inflammatory effects in white adipose tissueDiabetes56(3)574-582(2007) 4.Pariza, M.W., Park, Y., and Cook, M.E.The biologically active isomers of conjugated linoleic acidProg. Lipid Res.40(4)283-298(2001)

9(E),11(E)-12-nitro Conjugated linoleic acid (9(E),11(E)-12-nitro CLA) is a nitrated fatty acid. It is formed from 9(Z),11(E)-CLA upon exposure to acidified nitrite, peroxynitrite, gaseous nitrogen dioxide, or a combination of myeloperoxidase, hydrogen peroxide, and nitrite.1It is also formed in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, an effect that can be reduced by the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NAME .29(E),11(E)-12-nitro CLA has been found in human plasma. 1.Woodcock, S.R., Salvatore, S.R., Bonacci, G., et al.Biomimetic nitration of conjugated linoleic acid: Formation and characterization of naturally occurring conjugated nitrodienesJ. Org. Chem.79(1)25-33(2014) 2.Bonacci, G., Baker, P.R.S., Salvatore, S.R., et al.Conjugated linoleic acid is a preferential substrate for fatty acid nitrationJ. Biol. Chem.287(53)44071-44082(2012)

9(E),11(E)-Conjugated Linoleic Acid (9(E),11(E)-CLA) belongs to a group of eight geometric isomers of linoleic acid, characterized by adjacent double bonds. This specific isomer, 9,11 all-trans linoleic acid, was first discovered in ground beef and is found in various dairy products as well. Notably, it has been shown to decrease mammary tumors in rats with dietary inclusion as minimal as 0.1%. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1181]

9(E),11(E)-9-nitro Conjugated Linoleic Acid (9E,11E-9-nitro CLA) is a nitrated fatty acid produced from 9Z,11E-CLA through exposure to acidified nitrite, peroxynitrite, gaseous nitrogen dioxide, or the combined action of myeloperoxidase, hydrogen peroxide, and nitrite. Additionally, it forms in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, a process that can be inhibited by the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NAME. This compound has also been detected in human plasma.

9(Z),11(E)-Conjugated Linoleic Acid Methyl Ester, identified in lemon grass (C. flexuosus), serves as a standard for quantifying conjugated linoleic acids in thermally stressed olive oil and trans fats in bakery products. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1255]

9(E),11(E)-Conjugated Linoleic Acid Methyl Ester, identified in thermally stressed cooking oils, can serve as an indicator for the adulteration of olive oils with lower quality oils. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1257]

9(Z),11(Z)-Conjugated Linoleic Acid Methyl Ester serves as a standard in the quantification of conjugated linoleic acid methyl esters via GC-MS, according to Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1256.

10(E),12(Z)-Conjugated linoleic acid methyl ester serves as a standard for quantifying 10(E),12(Z)-conjugated linoleic acid in L. plantarum culture samples. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1254]

Linoleic acid alkyne，一种亚油酸的ω-炔衍生物，适用于通过点击化学合成其他含炔产品，例如甘油磷脂。

Isopropyl Linoleate是一种高纯度生化试剂，适合作为生物材料或有机合成中间体，广泛应用于生命科学领域的研究与实验。

Linoleic Acid Amide (Linoleamide) 衍生自亚油酸，通过抑制肌肉 内质网 Ca2+-ATP 酶来调节 Ca2+ 通量。

10-Nitrolinoleate is the product of nitration of linoleate by NO-derived reactive species. Other nitrolinoleates detected in human plasma and urine include 9-, 12-, and 13-nitrolinoleate. Nitrolinoleates activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ; Ki = 133 nM), inducing CD36 expression in macrophages, adipocyte differentiation, and glucose uptake. Nitrolinoleates can also be metabolized by smooth muscle cells to produce nitrite derivatives which in turn form NO, leading to increased cGMP production and smooth muscle relaxation. Through the same mechanism, nitrolinoleate-derived NO suppresses leukocyte adhesion, in part through nitrosation of CD40. Alteratively, nitrolinoleates can act independently of NO/cGMP and PPARγ signaling to suppress neutrophil and macrophage functions.

Deulinoleic acid is a lipid peroxidation inhibitor and antioxidant.

Methyl Linoleate (Telfairic Acid methyl ester) 是一种 Sageretia thea 果实的主要活性成分，能够下调小眼畸形相关转录因子和酪氨酸酶相关蛋白，是一种主要的抗黑色素生成化合物。

Cholesteryl linoleate 是低密度脂蛋白和动脉粥样硬化病变中主要的胆固醇酯。它存在于 LDL 中的胆固醇酯，利用 LDL 受体相关蛋白转移到表达 15-脂氧合酶的巨噬细胞和 CHO 细胞的质膜，被氧化形成胆固醇亚油酸氢过氧化物。

Ethyl linoleate 对动脉粥样硬化病变的发展和炎症介质的表达有抑制作用。

Linoleoyl ethanolamide 是脂肪酸乙醇酰胺。它可弱结合 CB1 和 CB2 受体，并分别抑制[3H]CP-55,940的结合，Ki 分别为 10 和 25μM。它在引起小鼠过氧化氢酶方面的效力是 anandamide 的4倍，且对睡眠时间无延长效果。

(S)-Coriolic acid (13(S)-HODE) 是一种重要的细胞内信号剂，是亚油酸与植物和哺乳动物脂氧合酶反应生成的，在各种生物系统中参与细胞增殖和分化。(S)-Coriolic acid 在 1 μM 左右时，它能抑制肿瘤细胞与血管内皮的粘附，能下调 IRGpIIb IIIa 受体的表达。(S)-Coriolic acid 是15-脂氧合酶 (15-LOX) 代谢产物，常作为内源性配体激活 PPARγ。(S)-Coriolic acid 诱导线粒体功能障碍 和气道上皮损伤。

ALOX15-IN-2 是一种有效的 ALOX15 亚油酸加氧酶 (linoleate oxygenase) 活性抑制剂，抑制ALOX15 直系同源物亚油酸 (LA) 和花生四烯酸 (AA)进行氧化作用 ， IC50 分别为 1.55 和 2.79 μM。

α-Lipoic Acid (DL-α-Lipoic acid) 是线粒体酶复合物的重要辅助因子，是一种抗氧化剂，可抑制NF-κB 依赖性的HIV-1LTR 活化。它还可诱导内质网应激介导的肝癌细胞凋亡。

Okanin 是鬼针草中的一种有效成分，可通过抑制TLR4 NF-κB 信号通路减弱 LPS 诱导的小胶质细胞活化。

Bovinic acid ((9Z,11E)-Octadecadienoic acid) 是一种具有抗癌和抗动脉硬化的活性的共轭亚油酸，可用于研究老年冠心病和肥胖。