Avenanthramide-C methyl ester is an inhibitor of NF-κB activation that acts by blocking the phosphorylation of IKK and IκB (IC50 ~ 40 μM). Through this mechanism, avenanthramide-C methyl ester dose dependently inhibits the expression and secretion of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 in human aortic endothelial cells.
1,3,5-Trihydroxy-4-prenylxanthone is a relatively potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), with an IC50 value of 3.0 μM; it shows in vitro inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), with IC50 valu