Endothelin 1 (swine, human), a synthetic peptide mirroring the sequence of both human and swine Endothelin 1, functions as a robust endogenous vasoconstrictor by interacting with two receptor types, ETA and ETB.
Tubotaiwine shows selective activity against L. infantum. Tubotaiwine and apparicine have affinity for adenosine receptors in the micromolar range and also have in-vivo analgesic activity in mice.