Tubotaiwine shows selective activity against L. infantum. Tubotaiwine and apparicine have affinity for adenosine receptors in the micromolar range and also have in-vivo analgesic activity in mice.
4′-Hydroxy-2′-methylacetophenone, an aroma compound of red wines, is isolated from cv. Bobal grape variety. 4′-Hydroxy-2′-methylacetophenone has ciliate toxicity. 4′-Hydroxy-2′-methylacetophenone inhibits the growth of T. pyriformis, with an IC50 of 0.65 mM[1][2].
[1]. GómezGarcía-Carpintero E, et, al. Aroma characterization of red wines from cv. Bobal grape variety grown in La Mancha region. Food Research International. 2011 Jan; 44(1): 61-70. [2]. Schüürmann G, et, al. Stepwise discrimination between four modes of toxic action of phenols in the Tetrahymena pyriformis assay. Chem Res Toxicol. 2003 Aug;16(8):974-87.
Cognac oil, predominantly derived from wine lees, exhibits distinctive fatty acid compositions, characterized by high proportions of Palmitic acid (59.26%), Linoleic acid (11.92%), Myristic acid (8.97%), and Oleic acid (8.3%) among other fatty acids. Notably, the application of Cognac oil enhances the permeability of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) across various membranes, resulting in a generalized increase in permeation.