glutathione reductase

Glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) 是维持还原型谷胱甘肽供应的还原酶。

Nitrofurazone (Furacilin) 是一种抗生素。

L-Glutathione reduced (Glutathione) 属于天然三肽，存在与细胞中，是一种内源性抗氧化剂，可以清除氧自由基。L-Glutathione reduced 是某些酶的辅助因子，参与蛋白质二硫键重排并减少过氧化物。

Glutathione oxidized (L(-)-Glutathione) 是氧化型谷胱甘肽，谷胱甘肽是细胞内一种主要的抗氧化剂和解毒剂。

LCS3是一种可逆和非竞争性的谷胱甘肽二硫化物还原酶（GSR）和硫氧还蛋白还原酶1（TXNRD1）的协同抑制剂，IC50分别为3.3μM 和3.8μM。LCS3具有抗肿瘤活性，可诱导细胞凋亡，可用于研究肺腺癌（LUAD）。

Antitrypanosomal agent 1 是一种有效的选择性锥虫硫酮还原酶抑制剂，IC50为 3.3 μM。它抑制谷胱甘肽还原酶，IC50为 64.8 μM，抑制布氏锥虫，EC50为 1 μM。

Dantrolene 是一种肌肉松弛剂，是人红细胞谷胱甘肽还原酶的非竞争性抑制剂，其Ki 和IC50值分别为 111.6 μM 和 52.3 μM。它是兰尼碱受体拮抗剂及Ca2+信号稳定剂。它可用于研究恶性高热、亨廷顿病、肌肉痉挛和其他神经阻滞剂恶性综合征。

3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole (Trapidil impurity B) 是一种过氧化氢酶抑制剂，能够诱导过氧化氢解毒的补偿机制。 该机制涉及增加谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和谷胱甘肽还原酶的活性。

Glutathione can occur in reduced (GSH), oxidized (GSSG), or in mixed disulfide forms and is ubiquitous in multiple biological systems serving as the major thiol-disulfide redox buffer of the cell. GSSG is the oxidized form of GSH . It can be reduced back to GSH through the NADPH-dependent enzyme glutathione reductase. GSSG functions as a hydrogen acceptor in the enzymatic determination of NADP+ and NADPH and can be a proximal donor in S-glutathionylation post translational modifications. The ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione within cells is often used as an indicator of oxidative stress, with higher concentrations of GSSG predicting increased oxidative stress.

(E)-Ajoene is a disulfide that has been found inA. sativumand has diverse biological activities.1,2,3,4It is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (MICs = 10-250 and 150->500 μg/ml, respectively) and fungi (MICs = 15-50 μg/ml).1(E)-Ajoene inhibits proliferation of a variety of cancer cells, including MDA-MB-231 breast, HeLa cervical, and WHCO1 esophageal cancer cells (IC50s = 18.6, 61, and 39.2 μM, respectively).2It also inhibits human glutathione reductase andT. cruzitrypanothione reductase when used at a concentration of 200 μM.3(E)-Ajoene (25 mg/kg) is neuroprotective in a gerbil model of ischemia-reperfusion injury, reducing reactive astrocytosis and microgliosis in the hippocampal CA1 region.4 1.Yoshida, H., Iwata, N., Katsuzaki, H., et al.Antimicrobial activity of a compound isolated from an oil-macerated garlic extractBiosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.62(5)1014-1017(1998) 2.Kaschula, C.H., Hunter, R., Hassan, H.T., et al.Anti-proliferation activity of synthetic ajoene analogues on cancer cell-linesAnticancer Agents Med. Chem.11(3)260-266(2011) 3.Gallwitz, H., Bonse, S., Martinez-Cruz, A., et al.Ajoene is an inhibitor and subversive substrate of human glutathione reductase and Trypanosoma cruzi trypanothione reductase: Crystallographic, kinetic, and spectroscopic studiesJ. Med. Chem.42(3)364-372(1999) 4.Yoo, D.Y., Kim, W., Nam, S.M., et al.Neuroprotective effects of Z-ajoene, an organosulfur compound derived from oil-macerated garlic, in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region after transient forebrain ischemiaFood Chem. Toxicol.721-7(2014)

L-SelenoMethionine (L-(+)-Selenomethionine) 是 Selenomethionine 的 L-异构体，是硒的主要天然食物形式。它是一种癌症化学预防剂，可以增加谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的表达，还可以通过饮食补充降低癌症的发生率并诱导癌细胞凋亡。

TRi-1 是不可逆的胞质硫氧还蛋白还原酶1 的特异性抑制剂(IC50:12 nM)。它有抗肿瘤作用，且线粒体毒性很小。

Hemustine is an inhibitor of human glutathione reductase and widely used as an anti-tumor agent.

Melarsen oxide is a glutathione reductase inhibitor.

Thioredoxin reductase peptide, corresponding to residues 53–67 in thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), is used in thioredoxin reductase research. Mammalian thioredoxin reductase (TR) catalyzes the reduction of the redox-active disulfide bond of thioredoxin (Trx) and is essential for cellular redox homeostasis.

Thioredoxin reductase peptide acetate(950890-23-0 free base) 对应于硫氧还蛋白还原酶 (TrxR) 中的 53–67 位残基，用于硫氧还蛋白还原酶研究。哺乳动物硫氧还蛋白还原酶 (TR) 催化硫氧还蛋白 (Trx) 的氧化还原活性二硫键的还原，并且在结构和谷胱甘肽还原酶的作用机制，除了 C 末端的 16 个氨基酸延伸部分含有一个罕见的连位硒硫键。