vertebrate

Epinastine hydrochloride (WAL-801CL HCl) 是抗组胺剂和肥大细胞稳定剂，是一种可口服的选择性组胺 H1 受体拮抗剂，可抑制 IL-8 释放，具有抗过敏作用。

Creatine (Methylguanidoacetic acid) 是一种内源性氨基酸代谢物，在细胞能量中发挥重要作用，尤其是在肌肉和大脑中。

16,16-Dimethyl prostaglandin E2 is an orally active vertebrate Hematopoietic stem cells homeostasis critical regulator. It can act through EP2 EP4 and has an interaction with the Wnt pathway.

(S)-nitro-Blebbistatin is a more stable form of (-)-blebbistatin , which is a selective cell-permeable inhibitor of non-muscle myosin II ATPases. (-)-Blebbistatin rapidly and reversibly inhibits Mg-ATPase activity and in vitro motility of non-muscle myosin IIA and IIB for several species (IC50s = 0.5-5 μM), while poorly inhibiting smooth muscle myosin (IC50 = 80 μM). Through these effects, it blocks apoptosis-related bleb formation, directed cell migration, and cytokinesis in vertebrate cells. However, prolonged exposure to blue light (450-490 nm) results in degradation of blebbistatin to an inactive product via cytotoxic intermediates, which may be problematic for its use in fluorescent live cell imaging applications. The addition of a nitro group stabilizes the molecule to circumvent its degradation by prolonged blue light exposure. (S)-nitro-Blebbistatin has the same stereochemistry as the active (-)-blebbistatin enantiomer.

para-amino-Blebbistatin is a more water-soluble form of (S)-4'-nitro-blebbistatin , which is a more stable and less phototoxic form of (-)-blebbistatin .1,2,3 (-)-Blebbistatin is a selective cell-permeable inhibitor of non-muscle myosin II ATPases that rapidly and reversibly inhibits Mg-ATPase activity and in vitro motility of non-muscle myosin IIA and IIB for several species (IC50s = 0.5-5 μM), while poorly inhibiting smooth muscle myosin (IC50 = 80 μM).2,3,4 Through these effects, it blocks apoptosis-related bleb formation, directed cell migration, and cytokinesis in vertebrate cells. However, prolonged exposure to blue light (450-490 nm) results in degradation of blebbistatin to an inactive product via cytotoxic intermediates, which may be problematic for its use in fluorescent live cell imaging applications.5,6 The addition of a 4'-amino group increases its water solubility, decreases the inherent fluorescence, stabilizes the molecule to circumvent its degradation by prolonged blue light exposure, and decreases its phototoxicity while retaining the in vitro and in vivo activity of blebbistatin.7 para-amino-Blebbistatin has the same stereochemistry as the active (-)-blebbistatin enantiomer. |1. Várkuti, B.H., Képiró, M., Horváth, I.á., et al. A highly soluble, non-phototoxic, non-fluorescent blebbistatin derivative. Sci. Rep. 6:26141, (2016).|2. Straight, A.F., Cheung, A., Limouze, J., et al. Dissecting temporal and spatial control of cytokinesis with a myosin II inhibitor. Science 299(5613), 1743-1747 (2003).|3. Kovács, M., Tóth, J., Hetényi, C., et al. Mechanism of blebbistatin inhibition of myosin II. J. Biol. Chem. 279(34), 35557-35563 (2004).|4. Limouze, J., Straight, A.F., Mitchison, T., et al. Specificity of blebbistatin, an inhibitor of myosin II. J. Muscle Res. Cell Motil. 25(4-5), 337-341 (2004).|5. Kolega, J. Phototoxicity and photoinactivation of blebbistatin in UV and visible light. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 320(3), 1020-1025 (2004).|6. Sakamoto, T., Limouze, J., Combs, C.A., et al. Blebbistatin, a myosin II inhibitor, is photoinactivated by blue light. Biochemistry 44(2), 584-588 (2005).|7. Verhasselt, S., Roman, B.I., Bracke, M.E., et al. Improved synthesis and comparative analysis of the tool properties of new and existing D-ring modified (S)-blebbistatin analogs. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 136, 85-103 (2017).

Phosphocreatine disodium hydrate 是内源性代谢产物的一种。

(R)-(+)-Blebbistatin O-Benzoate is a derivative of Blebbistatin. (R)-(+)-Blebbistatin is a 1-phenyl-2-pyrrolidinone derivative and a selective inhibitor of non-muscle myosin II. It blocks cell blebbing rapidly and reversibly and also disrupts directed cell migration and cytokinesis in vertebrate cell. (R)-(+)-Blebbistatin can also inhibit contraction of the cleavage furrow without disrupting mitosis or contractile ring assembly. (R)-(+)-Blebbistatin is suitable as a negative control for (S)-(-)-Blebblastatin.

Pepsin A 是人和猪胃中的主要蛋白酶，是一种类似胃蛋白酶的胃小蛋白水解酶。Pepsin A 有助于脊椎动物胃中食物蛋白质的蛋白质水解。

Phoenixin-20（PNX-20）为脊椎动物内具激素样生物活性肽，能激活下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴，调控哺乳类生殖过程。该肽通过CREB-PGC-1α途径增进神经元线粒体生物发生。

Z-PDLDA-NHOH是高效且具有特异性的脊椎动物胶原酶抑制剂。

Locustachykinin II (Lom-TK II)为具有同源性的昆虫神经肽，与脊椎动物的tachykinin肽家族相似。此化合物适用于研究昆虫的内分泌系统。

(S)-3'-hydroxy-Blebbistatin is a more stable and less phototoxic derivative of (–)-blebbistatin, retaining the latter's properties as a selective, cell-permeable inhibitor of non-muscle myosin II ATPases. Unlike its predecessor, (S)-3'-hydroxy-Blebbistatin exhibits reduced fluorescence, improving its utility in live cell imaging applications by diminishing degradation into cytotoxic intermediates under blue light exposure (450-490 nm). It effectively inhibits the Mg-ATPase activity and in vitro motility of non-muscle myosin IIA and IIB across various species with IC50 values ranging from 0.5-5 µM and shows minimal inhibition against smooth muscle myosin with an IC50 of 80 µM. This compound plays a critical role in preventing apoptosis-related bleb formation, directed cell migration, and cytokinesis in vertebrate cells, mirroring the active (–)-blebbistatin enantiomer in mechanism and efficacy.

(S)-3'-amino Blebbistatin, retaining the active stereochemistry of the less stable and more phototoxic (–)-blebbistatin, serves as a refined selective cell-permeable inhibitor of non-muscle myosin II ATPases. This compound efficaciously inhibits the Mg-ATPase activity and in vitro motility of non-muscle myosin IIA and IIB across several species with IC50s ranging from 0.5-5 µM, and exhibits minimal inhibition against smooth muscle myosin (IC50= 80 µM). Its primary functions include obstructing apoptosis-related bleb formation, directed cell migration, and cytokinesis in vertebrate cells. (S)-3'-amino Blebbistatin overcomes (–)-blebbistatin’s limitation of rapid degradation under blue light (450-490 nm) exposure, which generates cytotoxic intermediates, thus posing a challenge for fluorescent live cell imaging applications. The introduction of a 3’-amino group to its structure notably reduces fluorescence while maintaining (–)-blebbistatin’s activity, making it a superior alternative for research purposes.

Carlina oxide 作为AChE抑制剂和抗氧化剂，具有杀灭库蚊幼虫的能力 (LC50=1.39 μg mL)。此外，它对脊椎动物细胞、人类真皮细胞以及HCT116 和 MDA-MB231 细胞系展示出细胞毒性。

[Arg8]-Vasotocin (TFA) is a nonmammalian vertebrate neurohypophyseal peptide.

Cholecystokinin (26-33) free acid 是胆囊收缩素 (CCK) 的一部分， 是脊椎动物中枢神经系统中存在的 CCKB 型受体的高选择性配体，可诱导大鼠轻度味觉厌恶条件反射。