Darinaparsin is a dimethylated arsenic linked to glutathione. It is cytotoxic to DU145, LNCaP, and PC3 prostate cancer cells (IC50s = 5-10 µM) and patient-derived primary prostate cancer cells (IC50s = 2.5-20 µM), as well as Jurkat T cell lymphoma and L540 Hodgkin lymphoma cells (IC50s = 2.7 and 1.3 µM, respectively). [1][2] It decreases the tumor-initiating subpopulation in DU145 and PC3 cells and halts the cell cycle in the G2 M phase. Darinaparsin decreases transcription of Gli-2, a transcription factor that mediates Sonic hedgehog signaling, when used at a concentration of 1.5 but not 3 µM. It decreases SHP1 phosphatase activity and increases ERK phosphorylation. [2] Darinaparsin reduces tumor growth in DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer mouse xenograft models when administered at a dose of 100 mg kg every other day.[1]
LYP-IN-1 is a powerful LYP inhibitor that demonstrates high potency, selectivity, and specificity, with a Ki of 110 nM and an IC 50 of 0.259 μM. Beyond its primary target, LYP-IN-1 also exhibits selectivity towards a wide range of PTPs, including SHP1 (IC 50 = 5 μM) and SHP2 (IC 50 = 2.5 μM). Additionally, LYP-IN-1 demonstrates remarkable efficacy in T- and mast cells, making it a valuable tool for investigating autoimmune disorders.
GS-493, a highly specific protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 (PTPN11) inhibitor, exhibits remarkable potency with an IC50 of 71 nM. It displays 29- and 45-fold greater affinity towards SHP2 compared to its related counterparts, SHP1 and PTP1B, respectively. In addition, GS-493 impedes both cellular motility and growth of cancer cells, portraying promising antitumor effects.
SHP2-IN-9 is a potent inhibitor (IC50 = 1.174 μM) specifically targeting the SHP2 protein, displaying improved penetration across the blood-brain barrier. It exhibits a remarkable 85-fold selectivity for SHP2 over SHP1. By inhibiting SHP2-mediated cell signal transduction and impairing cancer cell proliferation, SHP2-IN-9 effectively suppresses the growth of both cervix cancer tumors and glioblastoma in vivo [1].