ovine

Diclofenac sodium (GP 45840) 是一种非选择性抗炎剂，是 COX 抑制剂，在 CHO 细胞中，对人 COX-1 和 COX-2 的 IC50值分别为 4 和 1.3 nM。它对绵羊 COX-1 和 COX-2 的 IC50值分别为 5.1 μM，0.84 μM。它通过活化 caspase 级联反应来诱导神经干细胞凋亡。

Diclofenac (Diclofenacum) 是一种具有抗炎活性的非甾体苯乙酸衍生物，是 COX 抑制剂，在 CHO 细胞中，对人 COX-1 和 COX-2 的 IC50值分别为 4 和 1.3 nM。它对绵羊 COX-1 和 COX-2 的 IC50值分别为 5.1 μM，0.84 μM。它通过活化 caspase 级联反应来诱导神经干细胞凋亡。

Diclofenac diethylamine 是非选择性抗炎剂，通过活化 caspase 级联反应来诱导神经干细胞凋亡。它是一种COX 抑制剂，在 CHO 细胞中，对人COX-1和COX-2的IC50值分别为 4 和 1.3 nM。它对绵羊COX-1和COX-2的IC50值分别为 5.1 μM 和0.84 μM。

Diclofenac Potassium (CGP-45840B) 是一种非甾体抗炎药，用于减轻炎症并在某些情况下作为镇痛剂减轻疼痛。它通过活化 caspase 级联反应来诱导神经干细胞凋亡。它是一种COX 抑制剂，在 CHO 细胞中，对人 COX-1 和 COX-2 的IC50值分别为 4 和 1.3 nM。它对绵羊 COX-1 和 COX-2 的IC50值分别为 5.1 μM 和0.84 μM。

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) (6-27) is a PACAP receptor antagonist with IC50 values of 1,500, 600, and 300 nM, respectively, for rat PAC1, rat VPAC1, and human VPAC2 recombinant receptors expressed in CHO cells. It binds to PACAP receptors on SH-SY5Y and SK-N-MC human neuroblastoma and T47D human breast cancer cells (IC50s = 24.5, 106, and 105 nM, respectively) and inhibits cAMP accumulation induced by PACAP (1-38) (Kis = 457, 102, and 283 nM, respectively, in SH-SY5Y, SK-N-MC, and T47D cells). In vivo, in newborn pigs, PACAP (6-27) (10 μM) inhibits vasodilation of pial arterioles induced by PACAP (1-27) and PACAP (1-38) . It also inhibits PACAP (1-27)-stimulated increases in plasma insulin and glucagon levels and pancreatic venous blood flow in dogs when administered locally to the pancreas at a dose of 500 μg.

Ganglioside GM1is a monosialylated ganglioside and the prototypic ganglioside for those containing one sialic acid residue.1,2It is found in a large variety of cells, including immune cells and neurons, and is enriched in lipid rafts in the cell membrane.3It associates with growth factor receptors, including TrkA, TrkB, and the GDNF receptor complex containing Ret and GFRα, and is required for TrkA expression on the cell surface. Ganglioside GM1interacts with other proteins to increase calcium influx, affecting various calcium-dependent processes, including inducing neuronal outgrowth during differentiation. Ganglioside GM1acts as a receptor for cholera toxin, which binds to its oligosaccharide group, facilitating toxin cell entry into epithelial cells of the jejunum.4,5Similarly, it is bound by the heat-labile enterotoxin fromE. coliin the pathogenesis of traveler's diarrhea.6Ganglioside GM1gangliosidosis, characterized by a deficiency in GM1-β-galactosidase, the enzyme that degrades ganglioside GM1, leads to accumulation of the gangliosides GM1and GA1in neurons and can be fatal in infants.1Levels of ganglioside GM1are decreased in the substantia nigra pars compacta in postmortem brain from patients with Parkinson's disease.3Ganglioside GM1mixture contains a mixture of ovine ganglioside GM1molecular species with primarily C18:0 fatty acyl chain lengths, among various others. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1544] 1.Kolter, T.Ganglioside biochemistryISRN Biochem.506160(2012) 2.Mocchetti, I.Exogenous gangliosides, neuronal plasticity and repair, and the neurotrophinsCell Mol. Life Sci.62(19-20)2283-2294(2005) 3.Ledeen, R.W., and Wu, G.The multi-tasked life of GM1 ganglioside, a true factotum of natureTrends Biochem. Sci.40(7)407-418(2015) 4.Turnbull, W.B., Precious, B.L., and Homans, S.W.Dissecting the cholera toxin-ganglioside GM1 interaction by isothermal titration calorimetryJ. Am. Chem. Soc.126(4)1047-1054(2004) 5.Blank, N., Schiller, M., Krienke, S., et al.Cholera toxin binds to lipid rafts but has a limited specificity for ganglioside GM1Immunol. Cell Biol.85(5)378-382(2007) 6.Minke, W.E., Roach, C., Hol, W.G., et al.Structure-based exploration of the ganglioside GM1 binding sites of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin and cholera toxin for the discovery of receptor antagonistsBiochemistry38(18)5684-5692(1999)

Galanin (2-11) amide is a synthetic peptide fragment of the neuropeptide galanin and an agonist of the galanin-2 (GAL2) receptor (EC50= 9.32 nM in a fluorescence imaging plate reader assay).1It selectively binds to the GAL2receptor (IC50= 1.76 nM for the rat receptor) over the GAL1receptor (IC50= 879 nM for the human receptor) but does also bind to the GAL3receptor (Ki= 271 nM for the rat receptor).1,2Intracerebroventricular administration of galanin (2-11) amide (1 nmol/animal) decreases immobility in the forced swim test in rats.3It also reduces the hind paw mechanical pain threshold and increases the hind paw cold sensitivity threshold in rats.1

[Met(O)21] Corticotropin Releasing Factor, ovine 是一种从绵羊下丘脑提取物中分离出的促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子(CRF)。该因子为一类下丘脑激素，主要功能为促进肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)的分泌。

ACTH (3-24) (human, bovine, mouse, ovine, porcine, rabbit, rat) 是ACTH的3-24片段，适用于癌症、免疫疾病、心血管疾病等多种疾病的研究。

PACAP (6-27) (human, ovine, rat) 是一种对PACAP受体具有拮抗作用的化合物，可以抑制犬肾上腺对外源性VIP的反应。此化合物在心血管疾病和神经系统疾病研究中展现出应用潜力。

[Tyr0] Corticotropin Releasing Factor, ovine 是从绵羊分离的促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子 激素。该因子（CRF）为下丘脑激素，能激发促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）及β-内啡肽的释放。

SMAP 29是一种抗微生物肽，同时也是绵羊防御素前体肽的C末端切割产物。在低盐和高盐条件下，对P. aeruginosa菌株PAO1具有杀菌作用，该作用在能量依赖的发光测定中表现出来（EC50s分别为0.05和0.06 µM）。它还能够以浓度依赖的方式引起绵羊红细胞的溶血。

PACAP (1-38), a novel neuropeptide isolated from the bovine hypothalamus is more active than vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in stimulating adenylate cyclase (EC50=7 nM). PACAP 1-38 (10-9 M) increased substance P (SP), gastrin releasing peptide (GRP),

PACAP (1-27), human, ovine, rat TFA (PACAP 1-27 TFA), an N-terminal fragment of PACAP-38, is an effective PACAP receptor antagonist with IC50 values of 3 nM for rat PAC1, 2 nM for rat VPAC1, and 5 nM for human VPAC2.

PACAP (1-27) (the N-terminal fragment of PACAP-38) is a novel neuropeptides originally isolated from bovine hypothalamus, also found in humans and rats.

PACAP (6-38), human, ovine, rat TFA is a potent PACAP receptor antagonist with IC50 values of 30 nM, 600 nM, and 40 nM for the PACAP type I receptor, PACAP type II receptor VIP1, and PACAP type II receptor VIP2, respectively.

PACAP (6-38), human, ovine, rat, is a potent and selective antagonist of PACAP 38, outperforming PACAP (6-27) in inhibiting PACAP-27-stimulated pituitary adenylate cyclase.

GHRF, ovine是一种生长激素释放因子。GHRF是低血糖对垂体生长激素(GH)释放影响的特异性中介因子。

PACAP (1-27), human, ovine, rat acetate (PACAP 1-27 acetate)(127317-03-7 free base) 是一种新的神经肽，最初从牛下丘脑中分离出来，也存在于人和大鼠中。

PACAP (6-38), human, ovine, rat acetate 是一种有效的 PACAP 受体拮抗剂。PACAP (6-38) 作用于 PACAP I 型受体，PACAP II 型受体 VIP1 和 PACAP II 型受体 VIP2，IC50 分别为 30 nM，600 nM 和 40 nM。

PACAP (1-38), human, ovine, rat (Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide 38) 是含有 38 个氨基酸残基的神经肽。它能够结合 PACAP I 型受体(IC50:4 nM)、PACAP II 型受体 VIP1(IC50:2 nM)、PACAP II 型受体 VIP2(IC50:1 nM)。

α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is a 13-amino acid peptide hormone produced by post-translational processing of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in the pituitary gland, as well as in keratinocytes, astrocytes, monocytes, and gastrointestinal cells.1It is an agonist of melanocortin receptor 3 (MC3R) and MC4R that induces cAMP production in Hepa cells expressing the human receptors (EC50s = 0.16 and 56 nM, respectively).2α-MSH (100 pM) reducesS. aureuscolony formation andC. albicansgerm tube formationin vitro.3It inhibits endotoxin-, ceramide-, TNF-α-, or okadaic acid-induced activation of NF-κB in U937 cells.1α-MSH reduces IL-6- or TNF-α-induced ear edema in mice.4It also prevents the development of adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats and increases survival in a mouse model of septic shock. Increased plasma levels of α-MSH are positively correlated with delayed disease progression and reduced death in patients with HIV.1 1.Catania, A., Airaghi, L., Colombo, G., et al.α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in normal human physiology and disease statesTrends Endocrinol. Metab.11(8)304-308(2000) 2.Miwa, H., Gantz, I., Konda, Y., et al.Structural determinants of the melanocortin peptides required for activation of melanocortin-3 and melanocortin-4 receptorsJ. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.273(1)367-372(1995) 3.Cutuli, M., Cristiani, S., Lipton, J.M., et al.Antimicrobial effects of a-MSH peptidesJ. Leukoc. Biol.67(2)233-239(2000) 4.Lipton, J.M., Ceriani, G., Macaluso, A., et al.Antiiinflammatory effect of the neuropeptide a-MSH in acute, chronic, and systemic inflammationAnn. N.Y. Acad. Sci.25(741)137-148(1994)

Phosphatidylethanolamines (bovine) 是从牛脑中分离出来的一种磷脂酰乙醇胺混合物，在 sn-1 和 sn-2 位置上带有不同的脂肪酰基。Phosphatidylethanolamines (bovine) 是在原核生物、哺乳动物、植物和酵母细胞膜中含量均很高的磷脂，约占哺乳动物磷脂总量的 25%。

Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) 是一种由三个同源全 α 结构域组成的 583 个氨基酸的蛋白质，是一种球状蛋白，可用于多种生物化学实验中。