ml-9

ML-9 是 Akt 激酶的一种选择性强效抑制剂，可抑制肌球蛋白轻链激酶 (MLCK) 和基质相互作用分子1(STIM1) 活性。它通过刺激自噬小体的形成并抑制其降解来诱导自噬。它抑制 MLCK，PKA 和 PKC 活性，Ki 值分别为 4、32 和 54 μM。

ML-9 (free base) suppresses MLCK, PKA, and PKC activity (Ki: 4, 32, and 54 μM, respectively). ML-9 (free base) is a selective and effective inhibitor of Akt kinase, inhibits myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK), and stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) acti

2-Hydroxyanthraquinone 是一种天然产物，显示出抗肿瘤和免疫抑制活性。

CYP51-IN-9 (compound 1i)，作为Fluconazole的类似物，具有高效的抗真菌活性。该化合物在抑制Microsporum gypseum和Candida albicans时，其MIC80值均为62.5 ng/mL。

Antiviralagent 65 (compound 9) 是靶向甲型H1N1流感病毒的抗病毒试剂，具有EC50=7 μg/mL的活性。

InhA-IN-9 (compound 7h) 是一种结核分枝杆菌InhA（烯酰 ACP 还原酶）的抑制剂，并能够结合InhA。在MIC值为2 μg/mL时，InhA-IN-9显示出抗结核活性。

ROS inducer 9 (compound 4e) 是一种抗菌剂，其对大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）为 0.25 μg/mL。通过抑制 GSH 活性并增加 ROS 水平，ROS inducer 9 能有效杀菌。此外，该化合物对红细胞和 RAW 264.7 细胞的毒性较低。

Succinate dehydrogenase-IN-9 (Compound Iik) 是一种琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂，具有IC50为3.6 μM的效果。它对多种真菌表现出强效抑制活性，例如抑制S. sclerotiorum的EC50为1.14 μg/mL。此外，Succinate dehydrogenase-IN-9 还能增强硝酸还原酶活性，从而促进植物生长。

3-O-methyl Estradiol是一种合成雌激素。它能破坏V79中国仓鼠细胞中的微管网络（EC50 = 9 µM），并在20 µM浓度下抑制同种细胞的增殖达92%。3-O-methyl Estradiol (25 mg in a 0.2 ml solution, p.o.)降低高胆固醇饮食雄性大鼠的血清胆固醇水平并增加体重下降，表明具有女性化活性。它也被用于量化母鸡尿液中的17β-estradiol。

Anti-MRSA agent 9 (compound 39) 对临床分离的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）表现出显著的抗菌效果，MIC值为1 μg/ml。同时，其在体内也展现了抗MRSA的作用。

AR Degrader-1 (Compound ML 2-9) 是一种分子胶类雄激素受体 (AR) 的单价降解剂。该化合物能够在 LNCaP 前列腺癌细胞中通过 DCAF16 (E3 连接酶) 对 AR 进行降解，同时不表现出明显的细胞毒性。

Antibiofilm agent-7 (Compound 9) 展现出显著的抗生物膜活性，其对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌 (MRSA) 的IC50分别为 60、133.32 和 19.67 µg/mL。同时，Antibiofilm agent-7 对上述细菌以及白色念珠菌也具备抗菌性能，对应的MIC值分别是 4.88、78.13、9.77 和 39.06 µg/mL。

MMP-9-IN-11 (compound 77) 是一种高效的MMP-9抑制剂。MMP-9-IN-11 对 A549 和 L929 细胞显示出显著的细胞毒性，其IC50值分别为 4.04 μg/mL 和 13.97 μg/mL。

Antileishmanial agent-34 (Fig. (9), compound 3) 是一种具有抗利什曼原虫活性的橙酮。该化合物高效抑制胞外形式Lmaj、Ldon、Linf和Lenr，以及胞内形式的Ldon（IC50<2 µg/mL）。

Pradefovir (Remofovir) 是一种逆转录酶抑制剂，可能用于治疗慢性 HBV 感染。它也是阿德福韦的肝脏靶向前药。代谢激活后，它在人肝微粒体中转化为 PMEA(9-(2-膦酰基甲氧基乙基)腺嘌呤)，Km 为 60 microM，最大代谢速率为 228 pmol/min/mg 蛋白质，以及内在的清除率约为 359 ml/min。

(+)-δ-Cadinene 是一种从G. hirsutum 中发现的倍半萜，具有抗菌、杀虫、抗癌和抗增殖活性。 它对肺炎双球菌的MIC 值为31.25 μg/ml，对 A. stephensi、A. aegypti 和 C. quinquefasciatust 三龄幼虫的LC50s 值分别8.23、9. 2和3。(+)-δ-Cadinene（10、50 和 100 μM）可诱导 OVCAR-3 人类卵巢癌细胞凋亡并抑制其增殖。

7-oxo Staurosporine is an antibiotic originally isolated from S. platensis with diverse biological activites. It inhibits PKC, PKA, phosphorylase kinase, EGFR, and c-Src in vitro (IC50s = 9, 26, 5, 200, and 800 nM, respectively). 7-oxo Staurosporine induces cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase in human leukemia K562 cells with a minimal effective dose (MED) of 30 ng/ml. It is cytotoxic to P388 mouse leukemia cells that are resistant and susceptible to doxorubicin . 7-oxo Staurosporine inhibits growth of the mycelial, but not yeast form of C. albicans, C. krusei, C. tropicalis, and C. lusitaniae (MICs = 3.1-25 μg/ml). It increases sphingomyelin synthesis in CHO-K1 cells when used at a concentration of 50 nM.

β-Defensin-1 is a peptide with antimicrobial properties that protects the skin and mucosal membranes of the respiratory, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal tracts.1It inhibits the growth ofB. adolescentis,L. acidophilus,B. breve,B. vulgatus,L. fermentum,B. longum, andS. thermophilusin an antimicrobial radial diffusion assay.2β-Defensin-1 also inhibits the growth of periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria, includingP. gingivalisandS. salivarius, and of susceptibleM. tuberculosisH37Rv but not of resistantM. tuberculosisRM22 when used at a concentration of 128 μg/ml.3,4It blocks human and mouse Kv1.3 voltage-gated potassium channels (IC50s = 11.8 and 13.2 μM, respectively).5Overexpression of β-defensin-1 in the human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines HSC-3, UM-1, and SCC-9 increases migration and invasion but not proliferation.6 1.Lehrer, R.I.Primate defensinsNat. Rev. Microbiol.2(9)727-738(2004) 2.Schroeder, B.O., Ehmann, D., Precht, J.C., et al.Paneth cell α-defensin 6 (HD-6) is an antimicrobial peptideMucosal Immunol.8(3)661-671(2015) 3.Ouhara, K., Komatsuzawa, H., Yamada, S., et al.Susceptibilities of periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria to antibacterial peptides, β-defensins and LL37, produced by human epithelial cellsJ. Antimicrob. Chemother.55(6)888-896(2005) 4.Fattorini, L., Gennaro, R., Zanetti, M., et al.In vitro activity of protegrin-1 and beta-defensin-1, alone and in combination with isoniazid, against Mycobacterium tuberculosisPeptides25(7)1075-1077(2004) 5.Feng, J., Xie, Z., Yang, W., et al.Human beta-defensin 1, a new animal toxin-like blocker of potassium channelToxicon113(2016) 6.Han, Q., Wang, R., Sun, C., et al.Human beta-defensin-1 suppresses tumor migration and invasion and is an independent predictor for survival of oral squamous cell carcinoma patientsPLoS One9(3)e91867(2014)

β-Defensin-2 is a peptide with antimicrobial properties that protects the skin and mucosal membranes of the respiratory, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal tracts.1It inhibits the growth of periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria, includingP. gingivalisandS. salivarius.2β-Defensin-2 (30 μg/ml) stimulates gene expression and production of IL-6, IL-10, CXCL10, CCL2, MIP-3α, and RANTES by keratinocytes.3It also stimulates calcium mobilization, migration, and proliferation of keratinocytes when used at concentrations of 30, 10, and 40 μg/ml, respectively. β-Defensin-2 induces IL-31 production by human peripheral blood-derived mast cellsin vitrowhen used at a concentration of 10 μg/ml and by rat mast cellsin vivofollowing a 500 ng intradermal dose.4Expression of β-defensin-2 is increased in psoriatic skin and chronic wounds.5,6 1.Lehrer, R.I.Primate defensinsNat. Rev. Microbiol.2(9)727-738(2004) 2.Ouhara, K., Komatsuzawa, H., Yamada, S., et al.Susceptibilities of periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria to antibacterial peptides, β-defensins and LL37, produced by human epithelial cellsJ. Antimicrob. Chemother.55(6)888-896(2005) 3.Niyonsaba, F., Ushio, H., Nakano, N., et al.Antimicrobial peptides human β-defensins stimulate epidermal keratinocyte migration, proliferation and production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokinesJ. Invest. Dermatol.127(3)594-604(2007) 4.Niyonsaba, F., Ushio, H., Hara, M., et al.Antimicrobial peptides human β-defensins and cathelicidin LL-37 induce the secretion of a pruritogenic cytokine IL-31 by human mast cellsJ. Immunol.184(7)3526-3534(2010) 5.Huh, W.-K., Oono, T., Shirafuji, Y., et al.Dynamic alteration of human β-defensin 2 localization from cytoplasm to intercellular space in psoriatic skinJ. Mol. Med. (Berl.)80(10)678-684(2002) 6.Butmarc, J., Yufit, T., Carson, P., et al.Human β-defensin-2 expression is increased in chronic woundsWound Repair Regen.12(4)439-443(2004)

FSL-1 TFA, a bacterial-derived toll-like receptor 2/6 (TLR2/6) agonist, enhances resistance to experimental HSV-2 infection[1]. FSL-1 TFA induces MMP-9 production through TLR2 and NF-κB/AP-1 signaling pathways in monocytic THP-1 cells[2]. FSL-1 significantly reduces HSV-2 replication in human vaginal epithelial cells (EC)[1].FSL-1 induces significant resistance to experimental genital HSV-2 infection through elaboration of a specific cytokine response profile[1].FSL-1 (50 ng/mL, 24 hours) induces MMP-9 expression at both mRNA and protein levels in human monocytic THP-1 cells[2].FSL-1 activates the MAP kinase/NF-κB signaling pathway[2]. Cell Viability Assay[1] Cell Line: V11I, V12I or V19I immortalized human vaginal EC FSL-1 application significantly protectes against genital HSV-2 challenge in mice[1]. Animal Model: Female Swiss-Webster mice (weighing 20-25 g)[1] [1]. William A Rose 2nd, et al. FSL-1, a bacterial-derived toll-like receptor 2/6 agonist, enhances resistance to experimental HSV-2 infection. Virol J. 2009 Nov 10;6:195. [2]. Cathryn J Kurkjian,et al. The Toll-Like Receptor 2/6 Agonist, FSL-1 Lipopeptide, Therapeutically Mitigates Acute Radiation Syndrome. Sci Rep. 2017 Dec 11;7(1):17355.

Benastatin A is a polyketide synthase-derived benastatin that has been found inStreptomycesand has diverse biological activities.1,2,3It inhibits glutathione S-transferase (GST; Ki= 5 μM for the rat liver enzyme).2Benastatin A is active against several bacteria, including methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA; MIC = 3.12 μg/ml). It induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G1/G0phase in Colon 26 mouse colon cancer cells when used at concentrations of 20 and 16 μM, respectively.3 1.Xu, Z., Schenk, A., and Hertweck, C.Molecular analysis of the benastatin biosynthetic pathway and genetic engineering of altered fatty acid-polyketide hybridsJ. Am. Chem. Soc.129(18)6022-6030(2007) 2.Aoyagi, T., Aoyama, T., Kojima, F., et al.Benastatins A and B, new inhibitors of glutathione S-transferase, produced by Streptomyces sp. MI384-DF12. I. Taxonomy, production, isolation, physico-chemical properties and biological activitiesJ. Antibiot. (Tokyo)45(9)1385-1390(1992) 3.Kakizaki, I., Ookawa, K., Ishikawa, T., et al.Induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in mouse colon 26 cells by benastatin AJpn. J. Cancer Res.91(11)1161-1168(2000)

Thiocoraline is a depsipeptide and DNAbis-intercalator originally isolated fromMicromonosporawith antibacterial and anticancer activities.1,2It is active against the Gram-positive bacteriaS. aureus,B. subtilis, andM. luteus(MICs = 0.05, 0.05, and 0.03 μg/ml, respectively) but not Gram-negativeE. coli,K. pneumoniae, orP. aeruginosa(MICs = >100 μg/ml for all).1Thiocoraline inhibits RNA and DNA polymerase and thymidylate synthase (IC50s = 6, 6, and 15 μg/ml, respectively), as well as RNA and DNA synthesisin vitro(IC50s = 0.008 and 0.4 μg/ml, respectively). It is cytotoxic to P388, A549, HT-29, and MEL-28 cancer cells (IC50s = 0.002, 0.002, 0.01, and 0.002 μg/ml, respectively). 1.Romero, F., Espilego, F., Pérez Baz, J., et al.Thiocoraline, a new depsipeptide with antitumor activity produced by a marine Micromonospora. I. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, and biological activitiesJ. Antibiot. (Tokyo)50(9)734-737(1997) 2.Negri, A., Marco, E., García-Hernández, V., et al.Antitumor activity, X-ray crystal structure, and DNA binding properties of thiocoraline A, a natural bisintercalating thiodepsipeptideJ. Med. Chem.50(14)3322-3333(2007)

Methyl 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetate是一种有效的肠病毒71 (EV71，enterovirus 71) 抑制剂，能够抑制EV71在横纹肌肉瘤 (RD) 细胞中的复制，具有抗病毒活性。

Cerebroside C is a fungal metabolite and glycosphingolipid that has been found in the rice pathogenic fungusM. grisea.1It induces production of the phytoalexin momilactone A when applied to wounded rice leaves, indicating that cerebroside C is an elicitor of the hypersensitive response in rice. Cerebroside C increases germination rate and reduces germination time in wheat seeds in a concentration-dependent manner at 4°C.2It also increases root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of wheat seedlings when used at a concentration of 20 μg/ml at 4°C, indicating increased chilling tolerance. 1.Koga, J., Yamuchi, T., Shimura, M., et al.Cerebrosides A and C, sphingolipid elicitors of hypersensitive cell death and phytoalexin accumulation in rice plantsJ. Biol. Chem.273(48)31985-31991(1998) 2.Li, H.-X., Xiao, Y., Cao, L.-L., et al.Cerebroside C increases tolerance to chilling injury and alters lipid composition in wheat rootsPLoS One8(9)e73380(2013)