diphosphate

Adefovir 是一种单磷酸腺苷类似物抗病毒剂，在细胞内转化为 Adefovir diphosphate 后可抑制HBVDNA 聚合酶。它在 HepG2.2.15 细胞系中对HBV 的IC50为 0.7 μM。它对多种病毒(包括HBV 和疱疹病毒)具有良好的抗病毒活性。

Adefovir diphosphate 2TEA是Adefovir diphosphate的盐形式。Adefovir diphosphate是Adefovir(GS-0393,PMEA)的代谢物和环核苷膦酸盐（ANP）类似物，是一种口服的逆转录酶（reverse transcriptase）抑制剂，对疱疹、乙型肝炎和人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）具有抗病毒活性。

Oxythiamine diphosphate is a competitivethiamine pyrophosphate inhibitor(Ki of 30 nM).

Sonidegib diphosphate (LDE225 diphosphate) 是 Smo 的选择性拮抗剂，能够抑制鼠 Smo (IC50:1.3 nM)和人 Smo (IC50:2.5 nM)。

Thiamine diphosphate analog 1, an analog of Thiamine diphosphate (the active form of vitamin B1 and a universal cofactor in key cellular pathways), mirrors the structure and potentially the function of its prototype.

Uridine diphosphate glucose is an important intermediate in several different metabolic pathways and biosynthetic reactions.

Inosine 5’-diphosphate sodium ，一种含肌苷核碱基的嘌呤核糖核苷 5’-二磷酸盐，主要参与细胞的能量代谢和信号传递过程。

Clofarabine-5'-diphosphate (Clofarabine-DP) 是 Clofarabine 经脱氧胞苷激酶 (dCK) 磷酸化后的代谢产物。Clofarabine-5'-diphosphate 还能继续磷酸化生成 Clofarabine-5'-triphosphate，在癌细胞中通过阻碍 DNA 合成和 DNA 修复展现出细胞毒性。

Deoxyadenosine diphosphate sodium 是由脱氧腺苷构成的二磷酸核苷，参与DNA合成和修复。作为多核苷酸磷酸化酶 (polynucleotide phosphorylase) 的抑制剂，该化合物干扰ADP和CDP的聚合。

Clofarabine-5'-diphosphatetrisodium (Clofarabine-DP trisodium) 是 Clofarabine-5'-diphosphate 的钠盐。Clofarabine 经脱氧胞苷激酶 (dCK) 磷酸化后生成 Clofarabine-5'-diphosphate trisodium，这个代谢产物能够进一步被磷酸化为 Clofarabine-5'-triphosphate，并在癌细胞中通过抑制 DNA 合成及 DNA 修复显现细胞毒性。

Arabinose 1,5-diphosphate is a bisphosphatase inhibitor.

Aminoquinol diphosphate may be useful in the treatment of acute necrotising cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Linear-benzoadenosine diphosphate is a nucleotide analog.

NHC-diphosphate is an active phosphorylated intracellular metabolite of β-d-N4-Hydroxycytidine (NHC) as a diphosphate form[1]. NHC is a pyrimidine ribonucleoside and behaves as a potent anti-virus agent. NHC effectively inhibits the replication of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV)[1]. Huh-7 cells are incubated with (10-50 μM; 4 h) NHC or a McGuigan phosphoramidate prodrug of NHC.Intracellular levels of the parental compounds and phosphorylated metabolites are measured using LC-MS MS. Small amounts of NHC-monophosphate (MP) and NHC-diphosphate can be observed, while NHC-triphosphate remains the most abundant metabolite.[1].

NHC-triphosphate triammonium is an active phosphorylated intracellular metabolite of β-d-N4-Hydroxycytidine (NHC) as a triphosphate form[1]. NHC-triphosphate triammonium is a weak alternative substrate for the viral polymerase and can be incorporated into HCV replicon RNA[1][2]. In an intracellular metabolism assay, HCV replicon cells are treated with 10 μM 3H-labeled NHC, and intracellular nucleotide levels are determined after 1, 2 and 8 hours incubations. NHC is rapidly convered into the mono-, di-, and triphosphate forms, and NHC-TP reaches up to 71.12 pM after 8 hours[1].NHC-triphosphate triammonium (NHC-TP) (5-40 μM) absence leads to full-length polymerization products, it can be a weak alternative substrate. In addition, incorporation of NHC-TP instead of CTP increases the molecular weight of the polymerization product by 16 (one extra oxygen) for each event and an obvious electrophoretic shift is observed in cell-free HCV NS5B polymerization reactions[1].Huh-7 cells are incubated with (10-50 μM; 4 h) NHC or a McGuigan phosphoramidate prodrug of NHC. Intracellular levels of the parental compounds and phosphorylated metabolites are measured using LC-MS MS. Small amounts of NHC-monophosphate (MP) and NHC-diphosphate (DP) can be observed, while NHC-triphosphate triammonium remains the most abundant metabolite[2].NHC-triphosphate triammonium (NHC-TP) metabolite may directly target the viral polymerase and behave as a nonobligate chain terminator. It plays a prominent role in inhibiting early negative-strand RNA synthesis, either through chain termination or mutagenesis, which may in turn interfere with correct replicase complex formation. [1]. Stuyver LJ,et al. Ribonucleoside analogue that blocks replication of bovine viral diarrhea and hepatitis C viruses in culture.Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Jan;47(1):244-54. [2]. Maryam Ehteshami, et al. Characterization of β-d- N4-Hydroxycytidine as a Novel Inhibitor of Chikungunya Virus.

Ins(1,2)P2 (sodium salt) is one of the many inositol phosphate (InsP) isomers that could act as small, soluble second messengers in the transmission of cellular signals. The most studied InsP Ins(1,4,5)P3, is a second messenger produced in cells by phospholipase C (PLC)-mediated hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate. Binding of Ins(1,4,5)P3 to its receptor on the endoplasmic reticulum results in opening of the calcium channels and an increase in intracellular calcium. Ins(1,2)P2 (tested as the D L racemic mixture) is ~1,000-fold less potent than Ins(1,4,5)P3 at initiating Ca2+ release when injected into Xenopus oocytes.

D-myo-Inositol-1,3-phosphate (Ins(1,3)P) is a member of the inositol phosphate (InsP) molecular family that play critical roles as small, soluble second messengers in the transmission of cellular signals. The most studied InsP, Ins(1,4,5)P3 is a second messenger produced in cells by phospholipase C (PLC)-mediated hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate. Binding of Ins(1,4,5)P3 to its receptor on the endoplasmic reticulum results in opening of the calcium channels and an increase in intracellular calcium. Ins(1,3)P2 can be dephosphorylated to Ins(1)P by inositol polyphosphate 3-phosphatase and further dephosphorylated to inositol by inositol monophosphatase.

Tenofovir diphosphate is an inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase (Kis = 0.022 and 1.55 μM for RNA and DNA, respectively) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) polymerase (Ki = 0.18 μM). It is selective for these enzymes over DNA polymerase α and β, as well as mitochondrial DNA polymerase γ (Kis = 5.2, 81.7, and 59.5 μM, respectively). Tenofovir diphosphate is formed intracellularly through phosphorylation of the prodrugs tenofovir and tenofovir disoproxil by nucleotide kinases. Increased levels of tenofovir diphosphate in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) correlate with a decrease in the risk of simian HIV (SHIV) acquisition in a macaque model of rectal SHIV transmission.

Tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) is a competitive inhibitor of DNA polymerases, specifically targeting dATP, and it serves as a substrate for the reverse transcriptase (RT) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)[1].

Adenosine 2',5'-diphosphate sodium is a competitive P2Y1 antagonist with non-selective antagonism at recombinant and human platelet P2X1 receptors.

Oxythiamin diphosphate ammonium 是一种转酮酶 (TK) 的有效抑制剂。

D-Fructose-1,6-diphosphate trisodium salt octahydrate 是一种有用的有机化合物，可用于生命科学领域的相关研究，其产品编号为 T65105。

Sodium ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9(6H)-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl diphosphate 是一种有用的有机化合物，可用于生命科学领域的相关研究，其产品编号为 T65217。

Cabergoline diphosphate is a dopamine D2 receptor agonist used for prolactinoma treatment. Cabergoline permits rapid and effective hormonal and tumor control by normalizing prolactin-producing pituitary adenomas levels.