congestion

Thonzylamine (neohetramine) 是可口服的H1组胺受体拮抗剂，具有抗组胺和抗过敏特性，可用于鼻充血、过敏性结膜炎和其他过敏性疾病的研究。

Tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride (Murine Plus) 是一种咪唑啉的衍生物，是一种 α-肾上腺素能 (α-adrenergic) 激动剂，能引起血管收缩，常用于研究鼻充血、结膜充血。

Tetrahydrozoline (Tetryzoline) 是一种咪唑啉的衍生物，是一种 α-肾上腺素能 (α-adrenergic) 激动剂，能引起血管收缩，广泛用于研究鼻充血、结膜充血。

Quazolast (RHC 3988) 是一种有效的介质释放抑制剂，是对豚草抗原鼻腔挑战的对照。Quazolast 在防止猪笼草鼻腔挑战后的鼻塞和鼻痒方面优于安慰剂。

Terpin hydrate 是一种祛痰药，可除去急慢性支气管炎病人的黏液。

Synephrine (Oxedrine) 是来自 Citrus aurantium 的α-adrenergic 和β-adrenergic 激动剂，是一种生物碱。它也是一种拟交感神经化合物，能够用于减肥。

Fexofenadine (Carboxyterfenadine) 是一种抗组胺药物，用于治疗过敏症状，如鼻塞、花粉热和荨麻疹。与第一代抗组胺药相比，它通过血脑屏障并引起镇静的能力较差。

Epimagnolin A 是一种糠醛木脂素，具有中等的抗疟原虫活性，IC50值为5.7 μg mL。

Naphazoline nitrate is an α1-Adrenergic receptor agonist. It also induces autophagy and necrotic cell death in erythroleukemia cells and inhibits erythroid differentiation. It used to treat congestion and ocular pathologies.

Clocoumarol is an anticoagulant that prevents blood clotting. It also can inhibit the dilatation of the spleen and the congestion of lymph nodes.

Nebentan (YM598) is a potent, selective and orally active non-peptide endothelin ETA receptor antagonist through the modification of Bosentan . Nebentan inhibits [125I] endothelin-1 binding to cloned human endothelin ETA and ETB receptor, with Ki of 0.697 nM and 569 nM, respectively[1]. YM598 can ameliorate the progression of cor pulmonale and myocardial infarction in vivo[2]. Nebentan inhibits the specific binding of [125I] endothelin-1 to endothelin ETA and ETB receptors in a concentration dependent manner,Ki values are 0.697 nM and 1.53 nM for human and rat endothelin ETA receptors, respectively. In contrast, YM598 exhibits low affinities for human and rat endothelin ETB receptors, with Ki values of 569 nM and 155 nM,respectively[1].In measurement of intracellular Ca2+ concentration, Nebentan concentration-dependently inhibits the increase in [Ca2+]i induced by 10 nM endothelin-1 in both CHO cells and A10 cells, the IC50 values are 26.2 nM for CHO cells and 26.7 nM for A10 cells, respectively[1]. Nebentan (oral administration; 0.1-1 mg kg; 4 weeks) significantly inhibits the progression of pulmonary hypertension and the development of right ventricular hypertrophy[2].Nebentan (oral administration; 1 mg kg; 30 weeks) significantly ameliorates the poor survival rate of CHF rats, it markedly reduces the hypertrophy of both ventricles as well as pulmonary congestion[2]. [1]. Hironori Yuyama, et al. Pharmacological Characterization of YM598, an Orally Active and Highly Potent Selective Endothelin ET(A) Receptor Antagonist. Eur J Pharmacol. 2003 Sep 30;478(1):61-71. [2]. Akira Fujimori, et al. YM598, an Orally Active ET(A) Receptor Antagonist, Ameliorates the Progression of Cardiopulmonary Changes and Both-Side Heart Failure in Rats With Cor Pulmonale and Myocardial Infarction. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2004 Nov;44 Suppl 1:S354-7.

Povafonidine (PGE-6201204) 是一种有效的 α-2 肾上腺素受体激动剂。Povafonidine 可以收缩血管，减轻粘膜充血，可用于鼻塞研究。

Tetrahydrozoline (Tetryzoline) nitrate 是咪唑啉的衍生物。它是一种引起血管收缩的α-肾上腺素能 (α-adrenergic) 激动剂。Tetrahydrozoline 广泛用于鼻充血和结膜充血的研究。

Sovesudil (PHP-201) hydrochloride 是一种有效的、ATP 竞争性局部作用 Rho 激酶 (ROCK) 抑制剂，能够作用于 ROCK I (IC50: 3.7 nM) 和 ROCK II (IC50: 2.3 nM)。Sovesudil hydrochloride 能够降低眼压而不引起充血。

OxyMetazoline 是一种 α-肾上腺素受体 (α-adrenoceptor) 激动剂，能够作用于 α1A (IC50: 0.02 μM)、α1B (IC50: 0.25 μM)、α2A (IC50: 0.58 μM) 和 α2C (IC50: 0.13 μM)。OxyMetazoline 能够用于研究缓解鼻黏膜充血。

α2C adrenoceptor agonist 1 (Compound A) 为一种具备口服活性且高度选择性的非中枢神经系统穿透α2C-肾上腺素受体激动剂，其EC50与Ki值分别为108 nM与12 nM。此化合物主要用于鼻塞相关研究。