calcium entry

Lemildipine is a new blocker of dihydropyridine calcium entry.

Flunarizine dihydrochloride (R14950) 是 Na+ Ca2+(T 型) 通道双重阻滞剂。它也是 D2多巴胺受体拮抗剂。它具有用于扩张外周血管和预防偏头痛的潜力。

Isradipine (PN 200-110) 是一种二氢吡啶类钙通道阻滞剂，具有抗高血压和血管扩张活性。它是一种具有口服活性的 L 型钙通道阻滞剂，也是一种潜在可行的帕金森病神经保护剂。

SKF-96365 hydrochloride (SKF96365) 是store-operated Ca2+entry 抑制剂，也是TRP channel 阻滞剂。它显著抑制豚鼠离体心脏 hERG、hKCNQ1 hKCNE1、hKir2.1 和 hKv4.3 电流，延长QTc 间期。它通过诱导结直肠癌细胞的细胞周期阻滞和凋亡起抗肿瘤作用。

MRS1845 是一种 ORAI1 抑制剂和钙进入 （SOCE） 阻滞剂，可阻断VP 诱导的 SOCE、OS 和 Ca（2+） 沉积。

SOCE inhibitor 1 is a inhibitor of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE)(IC50 of 4.4 μM).

Synta66 是一种钙池操纵钙离子通道 Orai 抑制剂，用于神经系统疾病的研究。

Calcium influx inducer compound 634 是一种钙内流诱导剂。Calcium influx inducer compound 634 (10 µM) 增加小鼠骨髓来源树突状细胞 (mBMDCs) 外泌体 (EVs) 的释放，并提升 mBMDCs 表面CD86和CD80的水平，这种效应可被钙释放激活钙通道抑制剂YM-58483 阻断。

Flunarizine is a non-selective calcium entry blocker and a histamine H1 receptor blocker. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of

5J-4 是一种有效的钙释放激活钙通道 (CRAC) 和钙池操纵性钙内流(SOCE) 阻滞剂。 5J-4 减少 IL-17 的产生并降低 RORα 和 RORγt 的表达。

Ronipamil is an analogue of verapamil that used as a calcium entry blocker.

Ganglioside GM1is a monosialylated ganglioside and the prototypic ganglioside for those containing one sialic acid residue.1,2It is found in a large variety of cells, including immune cells and neurons, and is enriched in lipid rafts in the cell membrane.3It associates with growth factor receptors, including TrkA, TrkB, and the GDNF receptor complex containing Ret and GFRα, and is required for TrkA expression on the cell surface. Ganglioside GM1interacts with other proteins to increase calcium influx, affecting various calcium-dependent processes, including inducing neuronal outgrowth during differentiation. Ganglioside GM1acts as a receptor for cholera toxin, which binds to its oligosaccharide group, facilitating toxin cell entry into epithelial cells of the jejunum.4,5Similarly, it is bound by the heat-labile enterotoxin fromE. coliin the pathogenesis of traveler's diarrhea.6Ganglioside GM1gangliosidosis, characterized by a deficiency in GM1-β-galactosidase, the enzyme that degrades ganglioside GM1, leads to accumulation of the gangliosides GM1and GA1in neurons and can be fatal in infants.1Levels of ganglioside GM1are decreased in the substantia nigra pars compacta in postmortem brain from patients with Parkinson's disease.3Ganglioside GM1mixture contains a mixture of ovine ganglioside GM1molecular species with primarily C18:0 fatty acyl chain lengths, among various others. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1544] 1.Kolter, T.Ganglioside biochemistryISRN Biochem.506160(2012) 2.Mocchetti, I.Exogenous gangliosides, neuronal plasticity and repair, and the neurotrophinsCell Mol. Life Sci.62(19-20)2283-2294(2005) 3.Ledeen, R.W., and Wu, G.The multi-tasked life of GM1 ganglioside, a true factotum of natureTrends Biochem. Sci.40(7)407-418(2015) 4.Turnbull, W.B., Precious, B.L., and Homans, S.W.Dissecting the cholera toxin-ganglioside GM1 interaction by isothermal titration calorimetryJ. Am. Chem. Soc.126(4)1047-1054(2004) 5.Blank, N., Schiller, M., Krienke, S., et al.Cholera toxin binds to lipid rafts but has a limited specificity for ganglioside GM1Immunol. Cell Biol.85(5)378-382(2007) 6.Minke, W.E., Roach, C., Hol, W.G., et al.Structure-based exploration of the ganglioside GM1 binding sites of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin and cholera toxin for the discovery of receptor antagonistsBiochemistry38(18)5684-5692(1999)

Praeruptorin E 是白花前胡中的一种主要成分，是钙拮抗剂，pD2′值为 5.2。

Bepridil is a class IV anti-arrhythmic agent and calcium antagonist. Bepridil hydrochloride blocks calcium entry through membranous calcium channels of coronary and peripheral vascular smooth muscle, thereby dilating coronary arteries and peripheral arter

Azumolene sodium dihydrate is a muscle relaxant that inhibits the release of calcium from skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. Azumolene inhibits a component of store-operated calcium entry coupled to the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor.

GSK812397 is a potent entry inhibitor of X4-tropic strains of HIV-1, as demonstrated in multiple in vitro cellular assays. GSK812397 is a noncompetitive antagonist of the CXCR4 receptor, with GSK812397 producing a concentration-dependent decrease in both an SDF-1-mediated chemotaxis and intracellular calcium release (IC50s were 0.34+ -0.01 nM and 2.41+ -0.50 nM, respectively). GSK812397 is effective against a broad range of X4- and X4R5-utilizing clinical isolates. The potency and efficacy of GSK812397 are dependent on the individual isolate, with complete inhibition of infection observed with 24 of 30 isolates. GSK812397 does not show any detectable in vitro cytotoxicity and was highly selective for CXCR4. GSK812397 shows acceptable pharmacokinetic properties and bioavailability across species. GSK812397 has antiviral activity against a broad range of X4-utilizing strains of HIV-1 via a noncompetitive antagonism of the CXCR4 receptor.

Noremopamil is a calcium entry blocker, also being used as the precursor for radiolabelling emopamil.

Istaroxime, also known as PST-2744, is a positive inotropic agent that mediates its action through inhibition of sodium potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+ K+ ATPase). Na+ K+ ATPase inhibition increases intracellular sodium levels, which reverses the driving force of the sodium calcium exchanger, inhibiting calcium extrusion and possibly facilitating calcium entry. Additionally, Istaroxime increases intracellular calcium by improving the efficacy by which intracellular calcium triggers sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release, and by accelerating the inactivation state of L-type calcium channels, which allow for calcium influx.

Azumolene sodium anhydrous is a muscle relaxant that inhibits the release of calcium from skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. Azumolene inhibits a component of store-operated calcium entry coupled to the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor. Azumolene, an equipotent dantrolene analog, inhibits a component of SOCE coupled to activation of RyR1 by caffeine and ryanodine, whereas the SOCE component induced by thapsigargin is not affected.