Enniatin A1 possesses anticarcinogenic properties by induction of apoptosis and disruption of ERK signalling pathway. Enniatin A1 inhibits ACAT with an IC50 of 49 μM in rat liver microsomes. Enniatin A1 isolated from Fusarium mycotoxins is a cyclic hexadepsipeptide consisting of alternating D-α-hydroxyisovaleric acids and N-methyl-L-amino acids.
Mensacarcin, a highly complex polyketide compound, exhibits multifaceted effects on cellular processes. Specifically, it targets mitochondria, perturbs energy metabolism within these organelles, and activates caspase-dependent apoptotic pathways. Functionally, Mensacarcin can serve as a cytotoxic constituent in antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Furthermore, this antibiotic compound displays broad-spectrum inhibition of cell growth across various cancer cell lines and demonstrates potent induction of apoptosis in melanoma cells.
Lycopodine, a bioactive compound derived from Lycopodium clavatum spores, effectively inhibits the proliferation of HeLa cells through the induction of apoptosis. This process is mediated by caspase-3 activation. In refractory prostate cancer cells, Lycopodine triggers apoptosis by modulating 5-lipoxygenase and depolarizing the mitochondrial membrane potential, without altering p53 activity.
BI-0252 is an inhibitor of MDM2-p53 (IC50:4 nM). BI-0252 can induce tumor regressions in all animals of a mouse SJSA-1 xenograft. And it concomitant induction of the tumor protein p53 (TP53) target genes and markers of apoptosis.