β-Defensin-3 is a peptide with antimicrobial properties that protects the skin and mucosal membranes of the respiratory, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal tracts. It inhibits the growth of the periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria F. nucleatum, S. mutans, S. sobrinus, S. salivarius, and L. casei (MICs = 12.5-100 mg/l). It also inhibits the growth of S. aureus, S. pyogenes, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and C. albicans. β-Defensin-3 stimulates gene expression and production of IL-6, IL-10, CXCL10, CCL2, MIP-3α, and RANTES by keratinocytes when used at a concentration of 30 μg/ml. It also stimulates calcium mobilization, migration, and proliferation of keratinocytes when used at concentrations of 30, 5, and 20 μg/ml, respectively. β-Defensin-3 induces IL-31 production by human peripheral blood-derived mast cells in vitro when used at a concentration of 10 μg/ml and by rat mast cells in vivo following a 500 ng intradermal dose.
Anacardic acid diene is a polyunsaturated form of anacardic acid that has been found in cashew nut shell liquid. It has antibacterial activity against methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and S. mutans (MICs = 12.5 and 6.25 μg/ml, respectively). Anacardic acid diene has schistosomicidal activity against adult S. mansoni worms when used at a concentration of 100 μM. It also inhibits soybean lipoxygenase-1 in a time-dependent manner.
Octanoic Acid-13C is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of octanoic acid by GC- or LC-MS. Octanoic acid is a medium-chain saturated fatty acid. It has been found in Teleme cheeses made from goat,ovine,or bovine milk.1 Octanoic acid is active against the bacteria S. mutans,S. gordonii,F. nucleatum,and P. gingivalis (IC80s = <125,<125,1,403,and 2,294 μM,respectively).2 Levels of octanoic acid are increased in the plasma of patients with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD)deficiency,an inborn error of fatty acid metabolism characterized by hypoketotic hypoglycemia,medium-chain dicarboxylic aciduria,and intolerance to fasting.3,4
(-)-Asimilobine shows antioxidative, anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE), anti-α±-glucosidase, anti-leishmanial and anti-fungal activities; it displays weak inhibition against Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), with a minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) o
Gancaonin G shows antibacterial effects on the MRSA strains with MIC values of 16 microg/ml, it also shows more moderate antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans.