formalin

LP-935509 是一种选择性、脑渗透性、小分子接头蛋白-2 相关激酶 1 (AAK1) 竞争性抑制剂，能抑制 articulin-2-associated kinase 1 (AAK1)，其 IC50值为3.3 nM，Ki值为0.9 nM。LP-935509 是 BIKE 的强效抑制剂（IC50值为14 nM）和 GAK 的中度抑制剂（IC50值320±40 nM）。

HC-030031 (TOSLAB 829227) 是一种有效的TRPA1选择性抑制剂，拮抗福尔马林和AITC 诱发的钙流入，IC50分别为5.3±0.2和6.2±0.2μM。

Methyl eugenol (4-allylveratrole) 是一种苯丙类化合物，存在于植物叶子、果实、根茎中，当植物相应的部位因食草动物进食而受损时，就会释放。它可用于消灭雄性东方果蝇。

ADR-851 HCl is an HT3 receptor antagonist. It works against mechanical, acute thermal, and formalin-induced inflammatory pain.

LP44 hydrochloride 是一种具有选择性和高效性的 5-HT7 激动剂(Ki:0.22 nM)。LP44 hydrochloride 对福尔马林诱导的小鼠口面部疼痛具有镇痛作用,可用于研究神经性炎症。

TRK-380 (TAC-301) is an effective and selective β3-adrenergic receptor agonist. TRK-380 improves formalin-induced frequent urination in rats and carbachol-induced bladder contraction in dogs (a decrease of 37.6%).

Several different arachidonoyl amino acids, including N-arachidonoyl-L-alanine (NALA), have been isolated and characterized from bovine brain. The glycine congener (NAGly) was further characterized and found to suppress formalin-induced pain in rats. NALA may have activity at cannabinoid receptor and/or VR1, but has not been fully characterized to date.

Galanin (Human) (Acetate)是一种含有30个氨基酸的神经肽和丙氨酸(GAL)受体激动剂。在表达重组人gal1受体的HEK293E 细胞(EC50= 0.031 nM)中，它抑制佛司可林诱导的cAMP 产生，并刺激表达重组人gal2受体的CHO 细胞(EC50= 12.3 nM)中肌醇磷酸的积累。Galanin (Human) (Acetate)诱导离体大鼠纵向眼底收缩，ec50值为13.8 nM。在大鼠福尔马林试验的第二阶段，鞘内给药人甘丙肽(3、10和30 nmol/只)可减少大鼠舔爪和退缩。

Several different arachidonoyl amino acids, including N-arachidonoyl-3-hydroxy-γ-aminobutyric acid (NAG-3H-ABA), have been isolated and characterized from bovine brain. The glycine congener was further characterized and found to suppress formalin-induced pain in rats. NAG-3H-ABA was also found in rat brain by LC-MS techniques, but has not been fully characterized to date. Most arachidonoyl amino acids are poor ligands for the CB1 receptor.

Sec-O-Glucosylhamaudol (Hamaudol 3-glucoside) 是从滨海前胡中分离得到的一种天然产物，能够降低 μ 阿片受体的蛋白水平，可用于缓解疼痛的研究。它通过调节脂多糖刺激的 RAW264.7 细胞系中的 p38 丝裂原活化蛋白激酶具有抗炎作用。

CM398 is an orally active chemical compound that acts as a highly selective ligand for the sigma-2 receptor (K i =0.43 nM), demonstrating a significant ratio of selectivity between sigma-1 and sigma-2 receptors (1000-fold). Moreover, CM398 exhibits notable affinity towards dopamine (K i =32.90 nM) and serotonin transporters (K i =244.2 nM). In addition, CM398 has shown promising efficacy as an anti-inflammatory analgesic in a mouse model of inflammatory pain induced by formalin [1].

DDPM-2571 is a highly potent and in vivo active inhibitor of GABA transporter subtype 1 with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, antidepressant and antinociceptive properties. DDPM-2571 was quickly distributed into the brain and was highly effective in the prevention of chemically-induced seizures (pentylenetetrazole and pilocarpine models) and 6-Hz convulsions. It demonstrated significant anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like properties. DDPM-2571 had antinociceptive properties, both in the hot plate test and in the second phase of the formalin test.

Tat-AKAP79 (326-336) 是一种肽，由HIV-1 Tat蛋白质转导域与对应于A-kinase anchor protein 79 (AKAP79) 326至336残基的11个氨基酸肽链相连组成。在200 µM浓度下，能抑制蛋白激酶A (PKA) 或PKC激活诱导的瞬时受体电位钒通道1 (TRPV1) 在分离的大鼠背根神经节 (DRG) 神经元中的敏感化。在体内，Tat-AKAP79 (326-336) 抑制小鼠由甲醛或phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA014) 引发的伤害性行为。它还延长了小鼠对辐射热刺激爪子撤回的潜伏期，并在卡拉胶诱导的炎症性疼痛小鼠模型中增加了爪子撤回的机械阈力。

N-Acylethanolamines (NAEs) are lipid-derived signaling compounds, with arachidonoyl ethanolamide functioning as an endogenous cannabinoid (CB) that activates CB1 and CB2 receptors. Among these, Palmitoleoyl Ethanolamide (POEA) is synthesized endogenously from palmitoleic acid. Notably, unlike arachidonoyl ethanolamide and palmitoyl ethanolamide, POEA lacks antinociceptive effects in the formalin-evoked pain model.

Potent and selective melanocortin MC4 receptor antagonist (IC50 values are 0.5 and 44.9 nM at MC4 and MC3 respectively) that antagonizes the effects of α-MSH. Suppresses thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) release, attenuates food intake and reduces forma

Sodium Citrate Buffer, 0.5M, pH 6.5 是一种常用的缓冲溶液，主要由柠檬酸和磷酸氢二钠组成。该缓冲液用于热诱导表位修复 (HIER)，以恢复福尔马林固定石蜡包埋组织中部分表位抗原的活性。该溶液为大多数抗体的首选。

Sodium Citrate Buffer, 0.5M, pH 5.0 是广泛应用的缓冲溶液，其主要成分包括柠檬酸和磷酸氢二钠。用于热诱导表位修复 (HIER)，以恢复某些表位在福尔马林固定石蜡包埋组织中的抗原性。此缓冲液是大多数抗体的首选选择，并且在动物肿瘤模型中可以用于溶解 captisol。

Sodium Citrate Buffer, 0.1M, pH 4.0 是一种常用的缓冲液，其成分主要包括柠檬酸和磷酸氢二钠。此缓冲液用于热诱导表位修复 (HIER)，以修复福尔马林固定石蜡包埋组织中某些表位抗原性的丧失，同时也是大多数抗体的常用溶液。此外，Sodium citrate buffer, 0.1M, pH 4.0 还可用于脂质体膜的水合。

Sodium Citrate Buffer, 0.5M, pH 5.5 是一种常用的缓冲液，其主要成分为柠檬酸和磷酸氢二钠。它用于热诱导表位修复 (HIER)，能够逆转福尔马林固定石蜡包埋组织中某些表位抗原性的丧失。该溶液是大多数抗体的首选。