Piperacillin hydrate is a semisynthetic broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotic. It exhibits potent bactericidal activity against Gram-negative bacteria and some Gram-positive bacteria by targeting penicillin-binding proteins. Piperacillin hydrate is frequently combined with the β-lactamase inhibitor Tazobactam for enhanced efficacy.

Piperacillin (12.5 μg/mL, 24h) hydrate 对铜绿假单胞菌、粘质沙雷氏菌、大肠埃希菌、克雷伯氏菌和肠杆菌的抑制率分别为 92%、82%、73%、61% 和 42%，而变形杆菌属大多对其高度敏感。大量接种时，Piperacillin hydrate 无法抑制革兰阴性杆菌的生长 (最低抑菌浓度 > 25 μg/mL) [2]。

Piperacillin (100 mg/kg, 静脉注射, 一日四次, 5 天) 联合 Tazobactam (12.5 mg/kg, 静脉注射, 一日四次, 5 天) 可有效延长肺炎克雷伯菌低接种量小鼠的生存时间 [3]。